Question 1

Individuals at the preconventional level of moral reasoning are concerned with external rewards and punishments and obey authority to avoid detrimental personal consequences.

Accepted Answer

This is an accurate description of the preconventional level of moral reasoning according to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory.

Question 2

On the continuum of amounts of explicit control associated with the domains of human action, free choice lies between the domains of codified law and ethics.

Accepted Answer

Free choice is not positioned between the domains of codified law and ethics on the continuum of amounts of explicit control associated with the domains of human action. Free choice exists outside of these domains and refers to the ability of individuals to make choices without external constraints.

Question 3

Research suggests that the majority of managers operate at the preconventional level of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

While there is some debate and variation in the results of studies on the moral reasoning level of managers, most studies suggest that the majority of managers operate at the conventional level of moral reasoning rather than the preconventional level. The conventional level involves following rules and norms set by others, while the preconventional level involves making moral decisions based on self-interest and avoiding punishment.

Question 4

According to research conducted by Adam Grant, the best predictor of a team's effectiveness is incentives such as bonuses and vacation time.

Accepted Answer

According to Adam Grant's research, the best predictor of a team's effectiveness is the level of psychological safety within the team. Incentives such as bonuses and vacation time may have some impact but are not the best predictor.

Question 5

The moral agent is the individual who must make an ethical choice in an organization.

Accepted Answer

The moral agent is the individual who is responsible for making ethical decisions within an organization. They have the ability to make choices and take actions that align with ethical principles and values. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 6

Corporate social responsibility covers a narrow range of issues, many of which are unambiguous with respect to right or wrong.

Accepted Answer

Corporate social responsibility covers a broad range of issues that often involve ethical and moral considerations. Many of these issues are complex and not necessarily clear-cut with respect to right or wrong.

Question 7

The ethical concept that acts are moral when they promote the individual's best long-term interests and assumes that will ultimately lead to the greater good is known as the moral rights approach.

Accepted Answer

The ethical concept described is known as ethical egoism, not the moral rights approach. The moral rights approach focuses on respecting and protecting individual rights.

Question 8

Procedural justice holds that rules should be clearly stated and consistently and impartially enforced.

Accepted Answer

Procedural justice is based on the principle that rules and procedures should be clearly defined and consistently enforced without bias or favoritism. This helps to ensure fairness and trust in the system, and reduce perceptions of injustice and disrespect.

Question 9

According to Adam Grant of the Wharton School of Business, changes in society and organizations make self-sacrifice for the sake of a larger purpose an increasingly inappropriate and even dangerous characteristic.

Accepted Answer

According to Adam Grant, changes in society and organizations make self-sacrifice for the sake of a larger purpose a more necessary and valuable characteristic. This is highlighted in his book, "Give and Take: Why Helping Others Drives Our Success," where he argues that a culture of giving and generosity can improve personal and professional success.

Question 10

Sustainability refers to the ability to generate wealth without compromising environmental responsibility and social stewardship, thus meeting the current and future needs of stakeholders while preserving the environment and society so that future generations can meet their needs as well.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of sustainability.

Question 11

If an act is not illegal, it must be ethical.

Accepted Answer

Just because an act is not illegal does not mean it is necessarily ethical. There may be different ethical standards depending on the situation or culture, and an act that is not illegal in one place may be unethical in another. Additionally, laws and regulations may not cover all ethical considerations.

Question 12

A chief ethics officer is a company executive who oversees all aspects of ethics and legal compliance.

Accepted Answer

A chief ethics officer is responsible for ensuring that the company complies with ethical and legal standards. They oversee all aspects of ethics and legal compliance, including developing policies and procedures, training employees, and monitoring the company's activities for potential ethical violations.

Question 13

The utilitarian approach to ethical decision making sidesteps debates about what is right, good, or just and bases decisions on prevailing standards of the profession and the larger society, taking the interests of all stakeholders into account.

Accepted Answer

The utilitarian approach focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number, rather than prevailing standards or stakeholder interests.

Question 14

Most ethical dilemmas in business involve a conflict between stakeholders and shareholders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most ethical dilemmas in business involve a...

Question 15

Only about 20 percent of U.S.adults reach the postconventional stage of moral development.

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's theory, only about 20 percent of U.S. adults reach the postconventional stage of moral development.

Question 16

Ethics is the code of moral principles and values that governs the behaviors of a person or group with respect to what is right or wrong.

Accepted Answer

Ethics refers to the moral principles and values that define what is right or wrong and guide individuals or groups in their behavior.

Question 17

Principle-based statements define fundamental values and contain general language about company responsibilities, quality of products, and treatment of employees.

Accepted Answer

Principle-based statements are general statements that define the fundamental values of a company, including its responsibilities, product quality, and treatment of employees.

Question 18

One of the most pressing ethical dilemmas facing managers today is that of competitive intelligence, which is increasingly gained through social media.

Accepted Answer

Competitive intelligence is the process of gathering and analyzing information about competitors, markets, and industry trends to make more informed business decisions. With the widespread use of social media, companies can access a wealth of public information about their competitors, such as their marketing strategies, customer reviews, and employee feedback. However, there are ethical considerations around obtaining and using this information, including issues of privacy, intellectual property rights, and fairness. Therefore, competitive intelligence gained through social media presents a significant ethical dilemma for managers.

Question 19

Corporate social responsibility is management's obligation to make choices and take actions that will contribute to the welfare and interests of society, not just the organization.

Accepted Answer

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept of management in which organizations consider the impact of their business decisions and actions on society and actively work towards contributing to the well-being of society, beyond just the company's profits and interests. It involves taking responsibility for the social, economic, and environmental impacts of business operations and implementing policies and practices that align with sustainable development goals.

Question 20

Important stakeholders in corporations include the government and the community.

Accepted Answer

Both the government and the community have an impact on corporations and are considered important stakeholders. The government provides regulations and policies that affect businesses, while the community provides customers, employees, and social responsibility factors that companies must consider.

Quiz 4: Managing Ethics and Social Responsibility