Question 1

According to Bowlby, _____ is a process in which the mother is able to reduce fear by direct contact with the infant, providing a kind of support called a "secure base."

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Bowlby, _____ is a process...

Question 2

One theory that has attempted to describe the close relationship between genes and the environment in relation to development is the _____ approach, which sees development as interplay between a variety of levels, including genes, neural activity, behavior, environment, culture, and society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One theory that has attempted to describe...

Question 3

_____ theory was developed in biology to understand evolved strategies including behavioral, physiological, and anatomical adaptations that influence survival and reproduction; it offers a means of considering various evolved traits by articulating the cost, benefits, and tradeoffs of different patterns of development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ theory was developed in biology to...

Question 4

Sheldon developed a personality theory that combined physical body type with temperament, suggesting that an individual could be described as one of three types. Which of the following is not one of those types?

Accepted Answer

Sheldon's theory proposed three types based on physical body type and temperament: ectomorph (slender, introverted), endomorph (round, extroverted), and mesomorph (muscular, aggressive). "Anamorph" is not one of Sheldon's types.

Question 5

Unlike object play or role play, which is engaged in equally by both males and females, _____ play is engaged in far more by males than females.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike object play or role play, which...

Question 6

Haselton and Funder suggest that the ability to judge personality can be considered in terms of four basic hypotheses. Which of the following is NOT one of those hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

Haselton and Funder's hypotheses about personality judgment focus on the natural proficiency, ubiquity, and emergence without explicit training of personality judgment abilities. They do not suggest that personality judgments should be prone to error as a basic hypothesis; instead, their work often explores how and why people can be surprisingly accurate in judging others' personalities.

Question 7

Nettle examined the Big Five personality traits and suggested that each of the dimensions has a particular advantage given certain environmental conditions. For example, in dangerous times, _____ may confer a survival advantage.

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism, characterized by anxiety, fear, and a tendency to experience negative emotions, may confer a survival advantage in dangerous times because it can lead to increased vigilance and caution, helping individuals avoid potential threats and dangers.

Question 8

One explanation for the lack of human genetic diversity is the occurrence of specific events in human history that reduced the size of the population of humans on earth; these events are referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One explanation for the lack of human...

Question 9

Not all characteristics of infants and children are preparations for adulthood; characteristics that serve only the developmental period are referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Not all characteristics of infants and children...

Question 10

We must consider how particular behaviors or processes might prepare a child for actions in the future, rather than just the present, and such characteristics that serve later adult development are referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We must consider how particular behaviors or...

Question 11

Carl Jung described personality in terms of a sensitivity in four different realms. Which of the following is NOT one of those realms?

Accepted Answer

The four realms of sensitivity described by Carl Jung are feeling, intellect, sensation, and intuition. Extraversion is not a realm of sensitivity, but rather a dimension of personality that refers to being outgoing and sociable.

Question 12

The term _____ is often used to describe conditions in which processes are open to modification during development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term _____ is often used to...

Question 13

_____ is a personality trait associated with being sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, modest, and straightforward.

Accepted Answer

The personality trait described in the question is agreeableness, which is characterized by being empathetic, cooperative, and non-confrontational. Conscientiousness is associated with being organized, responsible, and dependable. Extraversion is characterized by being outgoing, assertive, and sociable. Openness is associated with being creative, curious, and imaginative.

Question 14

Simon Baron-Cohen's model of the developmental aspects of inferring mental states in another person does NOT include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Simon Baron-Cohen's model includes the intentionality detector, eye direction detector, and emotion detector, but not the false-belief detector. The false-belief task is used to assess theory of mind, but it is not part of Baron-Cohen's model.

Question 15

_____ refers to the emergence of new structures and functions during the course of development; its rules relate to the manner in which environmental influences can impact the expression of the genome without directly changing the DNA, even though these patterns of gene expression can be passed on to future generations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ refers to the emergence of new...

Question 16

When theory of mind tasks have been given around the world, it is observed that the ability develops at about the same in all cultures, generally when the child is _____ years old.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that theory of mind typically develops between the ages of 3 and 5 years old, with most children demonstrating an understanding of false beliefs (a key component of theory of mind) by age 4. This development occurs at approximately the same age across different cultures. Therefore, the best choice would be option B, which corresponds to 4 years old.

Question 17

Around the end of the first year of life, the infant becomes aware of what other people are looking at. This aspect of development is referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

The ability to become aware of what other people are looking at is referred to as shared attentional mechanism.

Question 18

True _____ memory is more than just recalling your participation in a particular event; it also includes the ability to do this without any situational cues for its recall in the present.

Accepted Answer

The answer of True _____ memory is more than just...

Question 19

Based on cross-cultural tests of their model, McCrae and Costa suggest that the five factors of personality be considered as

Accepted Answer

McCrae and Costa's model, known as the Five Factor Model or Big Five, suggests that the five factors of personality are biologically based tendencies, indicating a genetic or inherent basis for these traits.

Question 20

To research attachment patterns experimentally, Mary Ainsworth developed the _____, which involves having the mother momentarily leave the infant with an unknown person and then returning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To research attachment patterns experimentally, Mary Ainsworth...

Quiz 5: Developmental Processes