Question 1

_____ characteristics are those aspects of physiology that are necessary for sexual reproduction, such as the organs for the production of sperm or eggs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ characteristics are those aspects of physiology...

Question 2

According to the _____ theory, females choose males who possess traits that either enhance her own survival or enhance the survival of the offspring; resources such as food, protection, or care of the young would be examples of such traits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the _____ theory, females choose...

Question 3

_____ theory proposes that males and females have different mating preferences depending on the perceived length of the relationship. For long-term relationships, males seek fertile mates, and women seek mates with resources; for short-term relationships, males seek sexual access, and women seek mates with good genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ theory proposes that males and females...

Question 4

Litte et al. (2001) found that women generally prefer more men with more feminine faces, except when they are seeking a

Accepted Answer

Women prefer more masculine faces when seeking a short-term relationship and are likely to become pregnant, as these traits are associated with good genes.

Question 5

Average faces are rated as more attractive than faces with more extreme characteristics because

Accepted Answer

Average features are correlated with health and indicate genetic fitness, which is an attractive trait in a potential mate. This is supported by research that shows that faces with more symmetrical and average features are rated as more attractive than those with more extreme features.

Question 6

_____ are chemicals released into the air that have been shown to signal to other members of a species various aspects of sexuality, including when a female is receptive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ are chemicals released into the air...

Question 7

Penton-Voak et al. (1999) found that women preferred male faces that were more _____ during the phases of their menstrual cycle in which they were most likely to become pregnant, as compared other phases of their cycle.

Accepted Answer

Penton-Voak et al. found that women preferred male faces that were more masculine during the phases of their menstrual cycle in which they were most likely to become pregnant. This suggests that women may have evolved a preference for more conventionally masculine features in potential mates when they are at their most fertile.

Question 8

The second hypothesis of the sexual strategies theory predicts that males will consent to engage in sexual activity in a shorter span than females. Research shows that males, on average, would consent to having sex after knowing a female for about a week; females, on the other hand, would not consent to sex until they had known the partner for about ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The second hypothesis of the sexual strategies...

Question 9

Although the waist-to-hip studies point to an underlying factor related to attractiveness, there were several potential confounds in their interpretation. Which of the following was NOT one of these?

Accepted Answer

This statement is not a potential confound in the interpretation of waist-to-hip studies. It is true that cultural factors can influence beauty standards, but this is not a confound in the data itself. The other options (A, B, and D) are all potential confounds in the interpretation of the data.

Question 10

The concept of _____ suggests that if a female is more willing to mate with a male with a certain trait, then that trait will be favored and passed on to the next generation; the outcome of such a process could eventually be an exaggeration, as in the case of the peacock's tail.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concept of _____ suggests that if...

Question 11

Recent research is beginning to describe features that characterize attractiveness in males and females. The basic idea is that the features of perceived beauty reflect

Accepted Answer

Recent research suggests that features that characterize attractiveness in males and females reflect reproductive success and health. These features include symmetry, clear skin, and other indicators of good health and fertility, which would have been advantageous in evolutionary history.

Question 12

In monogamous mating species of birds, a large proportion of males of reproductive age will find a mate. Thus, some females will be mating with males who are lower in genetic fitness. If these females have extra mating with more genetically fit males, then the

Accepted Answer

By having extra mating with more genetically fit males, the overall level of fitness in the offspring will increase, as they will inherit more favorable traits. This may also lead to greater genetic diversity, which can be beneficial for the species' survival. None of the other options are necessarily true or relevant in this scenario.

Question 13

The theory of _____ states that the sex that provides more to the offspring in terms of time, energy and effort will be more discriminating in selecting its mating partner.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory of _____ states that the...

Question 14

One form of sexual selection is known as _____, which is most obvious in male-to-male competition; from this process would evolve characteristics, such as antlers on deer, that would enable one male to dominate another, and thus have the advantage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One form of sexual selection is known...

Question 15

Peahens appear to comparison shop until they determine which peacock has the most elaborate tail; according to the _____ theory, this is because characteristics of the plumage are an indicator of disease resistance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Peahens appear to comparison shop until they...

Question 16

_____ characteristics are those aspects of physiology that are not necessary for sexual reproduction but have evolved to support the acquisition of mates, such as bright plumage in birds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ characteristics are those aspects of physiology...

Question 17

One form of sexual selection is known as _____, as when a female mates with the most-adorned peacock; this process leads to the evolution of characteristics in males that would help in ornamentation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One form of sexual selection is known...

Question 18

One of the indicators of sexual availability in primate females is _____, which is often accompanied by changes in color.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the indicators of sexual availability...

Question 19

When Singh (1993) asked males to rate the attractiveness of females with different waist-to-hip ratios, he found men preferred a .7 waist-to-hip ratio

Accepted Answer

Singh's study found that men preferred a .7 waist-to-hip ratio in females regardless of their weight status, indicating a consistent preference for this ratio across different body weights.

Question 20

Women who are ovulating and are seeking a short-term mate prefer a male with very masculine features such as more muscular bodies and prominent chins. This finding provides support for which theory?

Accepted Answer

This finding supports the good gene theory, which suggests that females prefer males with traits that indicate good genetic quality and will produce offspring with desirable traits. Masculine features such as muscular bodies and prominent chins may indicate good health and genetic fitness.

Quiz 9: Sexual Selection

_____ characteristics are those aspects of physiology that are necessary for sexual reproduction, such as the organs for the production of sperm or eggs.

According to the _____ theory, females choose males who possess traits that either enhance her own survival or enhance the survival of the offspring; resources such as food, protection, or care of the young would be examples of such traits.

Litte et al. (2001) found that women generally prefer more men with more feminine faces, except when they are seeking a

Average faces are rated as more attractive than faces with more extreme characteristics because

_____ are chemicals released into the air that have been shown to signal to other members of a species various aspects of sexuality, including when a female is receptive.

Penton-Voak et al. (1999) found that women preferred male faces that were more _____ during the phases of their menstrual cycle in which they were most likely to become pregnant, as compared other phases of their cycle.

Although the waist-to-hip studies point to an underlying factor related to attractiveness, there were several potential confounds in their interpretation. Which of the following was NOT one of these?

The concept of _____ suggests that if a female is more willing to mate with a male with a certain trait, then that trait will be favored and passed on to the next generation; the outcome of such a process could eventually be an exaggeration, as in the case of the peacock's tail.

Recent research is beginning to describe features that characterize attractiveness in males and females. The basic idea is that the features of perceived beauty reflect

In monogamous mating species of birds, a large proportion of males of reproductive age will find a mate. Thus, some females will be mating with males who are lower in genetic fitness. If these females have extra mating with more genetically fit males, then the

The theory of _____ states that the sex that provides more to the offspring in terms of time, energy and effort will be more discriminating in selecting its mating partner.

One form of sexual selection is known as _____, which is most obvious in male-to-male competition; from this process would evolve characteristics, such as antlers on deer, that would enable one male to dominate another, and thus have the advantage.

Peahens appear to comparison shop until they determine which peacock has the most elaborate tail; according to the _____ theory, this is because characteristics of the plumage are an indicator of disease resistance.

_____ characteristics are those aspects of physiology that are not necessary for sexual reproduction but have evolved to support the acquisition of mates, such as bright plumage in birds.

One form of sexual selection is known as _____, as when a female mates with the most-adorned peacock; this process leads to the evolution of characteristics in males that would help in ornamentation.

One of the indicators of sexual availability in primate females is _____, which is often accompanied by changes in color.

When Singh (1993) asked males to rate the attractiveness of females with different waist-to-hip ratios, he found men preferred a .7 waist-to-hip ratio

Women who are ovulating and are seeking a short-term mate prefer a male with very masculine features such as more muscular bodies and prominent chins. This finding provides support for which theory?