Question 1

In the _____ game, one of two anonymous players is given a sum of money and the choice to give a portion to the other player; the other player receives double that amount and is given the choice to return some of the money to the first person.

Accepted Answer

The best choice is to choose "trust" and give a fair portion of the money to the other player. This is because if both players choose to be selfish, they will both end up with less money than if they had both cooperated. However, if one player chooses to be generous and the other reciprocates, they can both end up with more money than if they had both been selfish. Therefore, the optimal strategy is to trust and cooperate with the other player.

Question 2

Fiske calls "tit-for-tat" relationships _____. "If you invite me to your house, then I should invite you to mine" would be one common manifestation of this type of relationship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fiske calls "tit-for-tat" relationships _____. "If you...

Question 3

"If you could save only one person in a burning building, would it be a baby or an 85-year-old man?" This is an example of a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "If you could save only one person...

Question 4

According to Fiske, _____ attempts to determine through ratios and rates the value of some aspect of the relationship. For example, if I own 75% of a business, then I would expect to receive 75% of the profits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Fiske, _____ attempts to determine...

Question 5

Adolphs (2003) describes a three-part brain system in which sensory information is processed in sensory cortex, its emotional value is determined in structures such as the amygdala, and the social implications are determined by the _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adolphs (2003) describes a three-part brain system...

Question 6

Like children's ability to efficiently absorb the language around them, as humans we absorb the social _____ of our culture, which tell us how we are expected to behave in a variety of situations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Like children's ability to efficiently absorb the...

Question 7

Most social decisions are made quickly without conscious thinking; however, some social considerations are more _____, and we use mental effort to come up with a solution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most social decisions are made quickly without...

Question 8

A variety of observations in the wild suggest that monkeys use _____ to get what they desire.

Accepted Answer

Many studies have shown that monkeys use deception to obtain food or desirable resources. For example, some monkeys will make false alarm calls to distract competitors, while others will hide food from their peers or pretend to discard a piece of food while actually keeping it for themselves.

Question 9

Because one condition of this theory is that the individual is able to recognize and remember who had helped in the past, _____ should be limited to species with those abilities.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal altruism relies on the ability to recognize and remember past interactions, where one individual helped another. This allows for a future exchange of assistance in a way that benefits both parties. Therefore, reciprocal altruism should be limited to species with the cognitive abilities to recognize and remember past interactions. Communal sharing and equality matching do not require this ability, and tit-for-tat is a specific strategy within reciprocal altruism, rather than a separate condition.

Question 10

Researchers have observed that high-ranking female chimpanzees will sometimes _____ newborn infants of low-ranking females.

Accepted Answer

High-ranking female chimpanzees have been observed killing newborn infants of low-ranking females as an act of aggression and competition for resources within the group. This behavior is seen as a way to maintain their dominance and increase their own offspring's chances of survival.

Question 11

Through its connections to other areas, the _____ can influence memory, attention, and decision making; overall, these areas help us to know the emotional context of our perceptions and what we need to do about them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Through its connections to other areas, the...

Question 12

According to Fiske's theory of social relations, _____ is the type of relationship in which a group treats material objects as belonging to all; group members take what they need and contribute as they can.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Fiske's theory of social relations,...

Question 13

A firefighter sacrifices his own life to save a family he does not even know. This is an example of _____ altruism.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of strong altruism because the firefighter is willing to sacrifice his own life for the benefit of others, showing a high level of selflessness without expecting any benefit in return.

Question 14

One of the social relations Fiske describes is _____, a type of relationship in which people are positioned within a hierarchy. Typically, those higher up have more privilege and prestige, but they are also expected to take care of and look out for those lower down.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the social relations Fiske describes...

Question 15

In laboratory studies, it was found that chimpanzees, but not all other primates, will give an alarm call only when another chimp cannot see the predator, suggesting that chimps can understand the _____ of another chimp.

Accepted Answer

The fact that chimpanzees only give an alarm call when another chimp cannot see the predator suggests that they can understand the visual perspective of another chimp. This is supported by studies that show chimps are capable of perspective-taking, i.e., the ability to understand what someone else can or cannot see. The other choices - dangerous situation, emotional state, and thought processes - are not directly supported by the given information.

Question 16

The best strategy for playing the prisoner's dilemma game is _____; it is an extremely stable strategy once it is established and it is possible for it to be started even in noncooperative environments.

Accepted Answer

The best strategy for playing the prisoner's dilemma game is tit-for-tat. This means that a player starts by cooperating and then mirrors the opponent's previous move (cooperate or defect) in subsequent rounds. It is an extremely stable strategy once it is established and it is possible for it to be started even in noncooperative environments. This strategy encourages cooperation as it rewards the opponent for cooperation and punishes them for defection in a fair and equal manner.

Question 17

Studies of chimpanzee communities have found that high-ranking females live longer, their infants survive better, and their daughters mature _____ than those of low-ranking females.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that high-ranking female chimpanzees have a better chance of passing on their genes and ensuring the survival of their offspring. This is because they have access to better resources, such as food and protection, and are able to form stronger alliances with other females in the community. As a result, their daughters are more likely to mature earlier and have a higher chance of passing on their genes, which contributes to the overall success of the community.

Question 18

The _____ hypothesis was developed in the 1980s to suggest that primates, including humans, differed from nonprimates principally in the complexity of their social skills; prior to this, it was generally assumed that human intellectual abilities were the result of the skills required for hunting and other tool use.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ hypothesis was developed in the...

Question 19

_____ processes are fast, largely automatic, and usually occur with little awareness; for example, we meet someone new and immediately have a feeling of whether we like that person or not.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ processes are fast, largely automatic, and...

Question 20

Someone stops you on campus and asks for directions, and you help out. This is an example of _____ altruism.

Accepted Answer

Weak altruism refers to acts of kindness where the helper receives no direct benefit and the cost of helping is low. Giving directions is a simple, low-cost form of assistance that doesn't directly benefit the helper.

Quiz 11: Social Relations