Question 1

In its attention to race,class,gender,age,and other characteristics,intersectionality is most concerned with how the various dimensions of ________ affect people's lives.
A)generalizability
B)microsociology
C)inequality
D)agency

Accepted Answer

Intersectionality is concerned with how social inequality based on various dimensions such as race, class, gender, age, etc., affects individuals' lives. It recognizes that individuals experience multiple forms of oppression and exclusion simultaneously, and these interlocking systems of inequality must be examined to fully understand an individual's experiences and opportunities. Therefore, option C, "inequality," is the most appropriate choice.

Question 2

Qualitative methods typically collect data that enable rich description in
A)trends and forecasts.
B)interpretations of the past.
C)words and images.
D)numbers and abstractions.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative methods typically collect non-numeric data such as words and images, which can lead to rich and detailed descriptions of a phenomenon. This type of data is often used for interpretation or understanding of complex social or cultural phenomena, rather than for forecasting or predicting trends.

Question 3

Which most accurately states the focus of sociology? Sociology is the study of
A)everything.
B)individuals.
C)social life.
D)cultural differences.

Accepted Answer

Sociology is the scientific study of society, social behavior, and the interaction of individuals within society. Its primary focus is on understanding how social life works, including social relationships, institutions, organizations, and cultures. While sociology may touch on individual behavior, its overarching focus is on the larger social structures that shape our lives. Therefore, option A is too broad, option B is too narrow, and option D is too limited.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative method?
A)textual analysis of historical documents
B)structured interviews
C)surveys
D)ethnographic fieldwork

Accepted Answer

Surveys are a quantitative method as they involve collecting numerical data through standardized questions and answers. Textual analysis, structured interviews, and ethnographic fieldwork are qualitative methods as they involve analyzing non-numerical data such as text, narrative, and observation.

Question 5

Danika exercises her sociological imagination when she thinks about
A)how her life connects with gender,race,and class dynamics in society.
B)the fact that social inequality is so persistent.
C)how to pass her sociology class.
D)the challenges faced by socially disadvantaged groups.

Accepted Answer

The sociological imagination involves understanding the connection between personal experiences and larger social forces, such as gender, race, and class dynamics.

Question 6

Dr.Mahoney's study focuses on why certain high-risk individuals do not continue in a life of crime.Because it seeks to understand individual choices,this study highlights
A)macrosociology.
B)agency.
C)generalizability.
D)structural constraints.

Accepted Answer

The study's focus on individual choices highlights agency, which refers to an individual's ability to make choices and take actions. The other options are not applicable to a study that focuses on individual choices in regards to criminal behavior.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a macrosociological topic?
A)dynamics of a town hall political meeting
B)common problems in therapist-client relationships
C)trends in global capitalism
D)how individuals experience grief

Accepted Answer

Macrosociology deals with large-scale social phenomena, such as social structure, institutions, and broad social processes. Global capitalism is a prime example of a macrosociological topic as it involves economic systems and institutions that affect many countries and impact individuals on a global scale.

Question 8

Rupert designs a basic research study about farmers' markets in rural Vermont.It is considered basic research because it
A)trains farmers to conduct important data collection.
B)uses an intersectional lens.
C)contributes to theory about local and global economic intersections.
D)will be used by the farmers to strengthen their markets.

Accepted Answer

Basic research aims to contribute to theoretical knowledge and understanding of a phenomenon. In this case, Rupert's research on farmers' markets in rural Vermont is focused on understanding the intersections between local and global economics, which contributes to existing theories on this topic.

Question 9

Damon uses his sociological imagination to reflect on intersectionality in his life.He considers how ________ intersects with ________.
A)macro;micro
B)gender;race
C)structure;agency
D)opportunity;constraint

Accepted Answer

Intersectionality refers to the interconnectedness of different social categories or identities, such as gender and race. Therefore, Damon's reflection on intersectionality would involve considering how his gender intersects with his race, and how these two identities intersect with other aspects of his life. Choices A, C, and D are also important concepts in sociology, but they are not directly related to the idea of intersectionality.

Question 10

Historical sociology and history are very similar,but history aims to understand and document the particular details of an event,while historical sociology aims to
A)use theory to make broad conclusions about human behavior.
B)focus on social problems of the past and present.
C)identify individual motivations and constraints.
D)reduce the complexity of the past to variables that can be analyzed quantitatively.

Accepted Answer

Historical sociology uses theory to make broad conclusions about human behavior, rather than just focusing on documenting the particular details of an event like history does.

Question 11

Jeremiah plans a study that asks,"Why are young people postponing marriage?" He applies the sociological imagination to this question by focusing on
A)the life histories of one older couple and one younger couple.
B)a national sample of thousands of young adults.
C)the influence of housing costs and diminishing stigma against premarital sex.
D)individual morals and values.

Accepted Answer

The sociological imagination involves understanding the link between personal experiences and larger social forces. Choice C, focusing on the influence of housing costs and diminishing stigma against premarital sex, applies the sociological imagination by connecting individual decisions about marriage to broader economic and cultural trends.

Question 12

Sociologists are more interested in ________,whereas psychologists are more interested in ________.
A)the past;the present
B)the global scene;local communities
C)groups and societies;individuals
D)social problems;cultural relativism

Accepted Answer

Sociologists are concerned with studying how groups and societies function and interact with one another, while psychologists are more focused on studying individuals and their behavior, thoughts, and emotions.

Question 13

Twila designs a sociology research study about gender-based violence.After she proposes the study,she decides that she really wants it to be applied research.Accordingly,she refines the study to
A)make a contribution to theories of human violence.
B)be grounded in a mixed-method approach to data collection.
C)evaluate a local nonprofit organization devoted to reducing domestic violence.
D)be grounded in political science instead of sociology,so it can have a policy outcome.

Accepted Answer

Refining the study to evaluate a local nonprofit organization devoted to reducing domestic violence shows a clear application of research that can have a practical impact on the issue of gender-based violence. It also aligns with the goal of applied research, which is to address real-world problems and provide practical solutions. A and B may also be valid options for applied research, but they are too broad and do not specifically address the issue of gender-based violence. D is not relevant to the original topic of sociology research on gender-based violence.

Question 14

Anthropology's method of ________ is also used by ________ sociologists.
A)fieldwork;qualitative
B)cultural relativism;micro-level
C)qualitative sociology;in-depth
D)materials-based investigation;macro-level

Accepted Answer

Anthropology's method of fieldwork is a qualitative research method that involves collecting data through firsthand observation, interviews, and participation in the daily life of the study population. This method is also commonly used by qualitative sociologists who seek to understand social phenomena through in-depth exploration of lived experiences and social interactions. Therefore, choice A correctly identifies fieldwork as the method shared by anthropology and sociology. The other choices either mischaracterize the methods used in one or both fields or do not accurately describe the relationship between methods in anthropology and sociology.

Question 15

Which statement demonstrates generalizability?
A)In general,people from disadvantaged racial groups experience stress.
B)A study of stress among 500 Hispanics offers insight about what is typical among all Hispanics in the United States.
C)Race should first be studied as a broad concept,before looking at specific racial groups.
D)One Asian person's life history reflects broader social realities of race,gender,and age.

Accepted Answer

Generalizability refers to the extent to which findings from a study can be applied or extended to broader populations or contexts. Statement B suggests that a study involving a specific number of individuals (500 Hispanics) can offer insights that are typical or representative of all Hispanics in the United States, implying that the findings could be generalized to the larger population of Hispanics in the country.

Question 16

In her study of 50 middle-class heterosexual black women,sociologist Averil Clarke found that the women's singlehood was due to
A)personal choice.
B)a decision to prioritize career over romance.
C)persistent social inequalities.
D)personal reasons that varied by individual.

Accepted Answer

Averil Clarke's study found that persistent social inequalities were the reason for the women's singlehood, suggesting that broader societal factors played a role in their relationship status rather than factors specific to each individual woman. Personal choice (A) and a decision to prioritize career over romance (B) were not identified as significant factors in the study. While personal reasons (D) may have played a role for some individuals, the study's focus on social inequalities suggests that this was not the primary cause for the women's singlehood.

Question 17

Will wants to lose 75 pounds.Which of the following represents the constraining influence of social structure against his agency?
A)He fails to lose weight because he continues in his long-established habits.
B)High-quality food and gym memberships are costly,and Will's income is low.
C)He exerts amazing willpower and loses 75 pounds on his own,without a gym or a coach.
D)Obesity is widespread in society.

Accepted Answer

Social structure, in this case, is represented by the availability and cost of resources such as high-quality healthy food and gym memberships. Will's low income serves as a constraining influence against his agency to lose weight because he may not have the financial resources to access these resources, hindering his ability to meet his weight loss goals.

Question 18

A sociologist takes a problem-based approach,identifying drug addiction as a social ill that should be addressed.An anthropologist's cultural relativistic approach would
A)also be problem based,but in a nonwestern context.
B)try to grasp the drug user's view (the insider view).
C)use archives and physical remains to interpret human behavior.
D)focus on refining theories of human behavior.

Accepted Answer

An anthropologist's cultural relativistic approach would emphasize understanding the drug user's perspective and cultural context, rather than simply viewing drug addiction as a problem to be solved. This approach seeks to avoid imposing the observer's cultural values on the subject of study and instead seeks to understand behavior from the perspective of the insider.

Question 19

Which accurately describes how sociologists view macro-level issues and micro-level issues?
A)They are often unrelated to each other,which is why sociologists focus on either macro or micro research.
B)Macro-level issues and micro-level issues are linked because large-scale systems affect personal experiences.
C)Micro-level issues are better understood with theories from psychology;macro-level issues are better understood with theories from history.
D)Macro-level issues are the true subject of sociology;micro-level issues are for scientists trained in human biology or psychology.

Accepted Answer

Sociologists view macro-level issues and micro-level issues as linked because large-scale systems affect personal experiences. Macro-level issues, such as social structures and institutions, impact the behavior and interactions of individuals in micro-level settings, such as families, peer groups, and workplaces. Therefore, understanding both levels of analysis is important for understanding social phenomena as a whole.

Question 20

The most important difference between macrosociology and microsociology is that macrosociology focuses on ________ and microsociology focuses on ________.
A)quantitative methodologies;qualitative methodologies
B)large data sets;small data sets
C)large-scale social systems;personal concerns and interpersonal interactions
D)topics with large-scale implications;topics of concern to specific social groups

Accepted Answer

Macrosociology is concerned with the study of social structures, institutions, and systems on a large scale, such as the economy, political systems, and global issues, while microsociology focuses on more personal and individual interactions, such as family dynamics, social roles, and small group behavior.

Quiz 1: The Art and Science of Social Research: An Introduction

In its attention to race,class,gender,age,and other characteristics,intersectionality is most concerned with how the various dimensions of ________ affect people's lives.

Qualitative methods typically collect data that enable rich description in

Which most accurately states the focus of sociology? Sociology is the study of

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative method?

Danika exercises her sociological imagination when she thinks about

Dr.Mahoney's study focuses on why certain high-risk individuals do not continue in a life of crime.Because it seeks to understand individual choices,this study highlights

Which of the following is an example of a macrosociological topic?

Rupert designs a basic research study about farmers' markets in rural Vermont.It is considered basic research because it

Damon uses his sociological imagination to reflect on intersectionality in his life.He considers how intersects with .

Historical sociology and history are very similar,but history aims to understand and document the particular details of an event,while historical sociology aims to

Jeremiah plans a study that asks,"Why are young people postponing marriage?" He applies the sociological imagination to this question by focusing on

Sociologists are more interested in ,whereas psychologists are more interested in .

Twila designs a sociology research study about gender-based violence.After she proposes the study,she decides that she really wants it to be applied research.Accordingly,she refines the study to

Anthropology's method of is also used by sociologists.

Which statement demonstrates generalizability?

In her study of 50 middle-class heterosexual black women,sociologist Averil Clarke found that the women's singlehood was due to

Will wants to lose 75 pounds.Which of the following represents the constraining influence of social structure against his agency?

A sociologist takes a problem-based approach,identifying drug addiction as a social ill that should be addressed.An anthropologist's cultural relativistic approach would

Which accurately describes how sociologists view macro-level issues and micro-level issues?

The most important difference between macrosociology and microsociology is that macrosociology focuses on and microsociology focuses on .