Question 1

Human action involving the most calculated means toward to achieving a particular end is referred to by Weber as:

Accepted Answer

Weber refers to this type of action as goal-rational or Zweckrational action, meaning that individuals engage in actions that are designed to efficiently and effectively achieve a desired outcome. This type of action is driven by a concern for the ends or goals to be achieved, rather than the means or methods used to achieve them.

Question 2

_____ is/are really stories that are based on exaggerated or fictionalized accounts of an event and facts.

Accepted Answer

Myths are stories that are based on exaggerated or fictionalized accounts of an event and facts.

Question 3

Who argued that we are not just to study and interpret the world but to work at changing it as well?

Accepted Answer

Marx argued that it is not enough to study and interpret the world, but we must also work towards changing it. He believed that society is constantly evolving and that we should seek to transform it to create a more just and equitable world.

Question 4

Sociology emerged to consider two main questions - the issue of social problems and:

Accepted Answer

Sociology emerged to consider social problems as well as issues related to community, authority, and traditions. Sociology aims to study the patterns of social life and the relationships that individuals have with one another within a society. Sociology emerged as a discipline in the 19th century as a response to the rapid social changes brought about by industrialization, urbanization, and the accompanying problems.

Question 5

Which of the following would be the BEST place to look for an example of goal-rational action in sport?

Accepted Answer

High-performance athletes are more likely to engage in goal-rational action in sport as they have a clear goal and strategy to achieve it. Their training and competition are highly focused and structured towards achieving their athletic goals. In contrast, children's spontaneous play and mall walkers are not necessarily motivated by a clear goal, and a person's daily swimming routine may not necessarily involve goal-rational action in sport.

Question 6

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism was written by:

Accepted Answer

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism was written by Max Weber, a German sociologist and philosopher. The book is considered one of the most influential works in the field of sociology and explores the relationship between Protestantism and the development of capitalism in Western society.

Question 7

As there has been an increased level of support for the federal high-performance sport system over time,participation rates and activity levels of Canadian youth have:

Accepted Answer

The statement does not provide evidence that increased support for the federal high-performance sport system has resulted in increased participation rates or activity levels of Canadian youth. Therefore, the most accurate choice is B, decreased, as there is no evidence of an increase or staying the same.

Question 8

In general,theories:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general,theories:
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Question 9

What is the central tool that sociologists use to understand the human world around is?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists use theories to develop explanations about social phenomena and to guide their research. Theories help sociologists to identify patterns and make predictions about human behavior, and they can be tested and revised with empirical evidence. Research is also an important tool, but it is guided by theoretical frameworks. Common sense and intuition may inform sociological thinking, but they are not considered reliable sources of knowledge in this field.

Question 10

Darwin's theory of evolution had an important influence on:

Accepted Answer

Darwin's theory of evolution emphasized the importance of adaptation and survival of the fittest, which influenced the functionalist school of thought in sociology. Functionalists view society as a system of interconnected parts working together to maintain a stable social order, similar to how organisms adapt and evolve to maintain their survival.

Question 11

All of the following are characteristics that form the foundation of Marx's analysis of society,except:

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that not all elements of social systems are necessary or justifiable, and that some are oppressive and should be abolished in order to create a more equal society.

Question 12

When we examine sport in ancient Greece and compare it to sport today,we find that:

Accepted Answer

Sport in ancient Greece was far more violent than sport today. Ancient Greek sports often involved physical combat and bloodshed, such as in boxing, wrestling, and pankration (a combination of boxing and wrestling). In contrast, modern sports have strict rules to minimize physical harm to athletes.

Question 13

In referring to sporting events as serialized civic rituals,Alan Ingham is following the ideas and work of:

Accepted Answer

Ingham's concept of sporting events as serialized civic rituals is heavily influenced by the ideas of Emile Durkheim, a prominent sociologist who integrated the study of social behavior and institutions. Durkheim argued that social rituals, such as religious ceremonies or sporting events, help reinforce a sense of community and shared values, thereby promoting social cohesion.

Question 14

On which of the following modes of production did Marx focus most of his attention?

Accepted Answer

Marx focused most of his attention on capitalism, as he believed it was the dominant mode of production in his time and led to significant class conflicts and exploitation. He studied how capitalist economies functioned, the role of the bourgeoisie and proletariat, and how labor was commodified and alienated within this system. While he did write about other modes of production such as feudalism, his analysis of capitalism forms the foundation of his most influential work, including "Capital" and "The Communist Manifesto."

Question 15

All elements of a society contribute to the overall stability of the structure of that society.Who would most likely make this statement?

Accepted Answer

Functionalists believe that all elements of society work together to maintain stability and that each part has a specific function in contributing to the overall structure of society. This statement reflects the functionalist perspective.

Question 16

Who,of the following,would be most likely to argue that suicide is much more than a personal act of agency by an individual?

Accepted Answer

Durkheim's study of suicide emphasized the social and cultural factors that contribute to suicide, such as the level of social integration and regulation in a society, rather than focusing solely on individual agency.

Question 17

Which sport do Kuper and Seymanski argue actually helps to curb suicide rates?

Accepted Answer

Kuper and Seymanski argue that soccer actually helps to curb suicide rates by creating a sense of community and social connectedness among players. This, in turn, can help to alleviate feelings of loneliness and isolation, which are often risk factors for suicide. Additionally, the physical activity and sense of achievement that comes from playing soccer can contribute to improved mental health and overall well-being.

Question 18

As an approach to seeing the human social world,including sport,functionalism declined in influence in part because:

Accepted Answer

Functionalism viewed social inequalities as necessary for the smooth functioning of society, and Davis and Moore argued that class inequalities were inevitable and even positive for society. This view was criticized by other sociologists who argued that such inequalities were not necessary and could be detrimental to social harmony. This criticism contributed to the decline in influence of functionalism as an approach to understanding the social world.

Question 19

Which of the following pairs of events stand out as laying the foundation for sociology as a discipline?

Accepted Answer

The democratic revolutions in France and the U.S. and the Industrial Revolution are the best pair of events that laid the foundation for sociology as a discipline. The democratic revolutions led to new ideas about equality and individual rights, which significantly influenced sociological thought. Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution brought about the rise of capitalism, urbanization, and social problems, which are significant areas of study in sociology.

Question 20

Good theory:

Accepted Answer

A good theory should be able to withstand the test of time, meaning it remains relevant and applicable even as new evidence and information emerge. The other options do not necessarily make a theory "good."

Quiz 2: Sociological Theories of Sport