Question 1

In the "trucking game" experiment,the power to threaten others was manipulated by giving some of the subjects
A)a gate.
B)a revolver.
C)extra points.
D)less information.
E)the power to take points away.

Accepted Answer

In the "trucking game" experiment, the power to threaten others was manipulated by giving some of the subjects a gate, which they could use to block the other player's path, thereby exerting control and power over the other player's actions.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Conflict is markedly higher in online groups because norms do not exist to regulate civility.
B)When communicating online people send hostile messages in over 50% of their online interactions.
C)Disinhibition is greater in face-to-face interaction than in online groups.
D)As is the case in most groups,online groups negatively sanction individuals who violate the group's standards
E)Because online interactions are emotionally uninvolving they rarely provoke conflict.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that online groups, like most groups, have norms that regulate behavior, and individuals who violate the group's standards are often negatively sanctioned. However, due to the lack of nonverbal cues and the ability to hide behind anonymity, online disinhibition may lead to more hostile messages being sent compared to face-to-face interactions. Therefore, option A and option B are false. Option C is also false as research suggests that people tend to be more disinhibited in online interactions compared to face-to-face interactions. Option E is also false as online interactions can provoke conflict, even if they may be emotionally less involving.

Question 3

Reactance theory suggests person X will be least likely to go along with person Y when Y states
A)"I think I am going to adopt plan A.What are you going to do?"
B)"From my point of view,plan A seems to be the best choice."
C)"I think it is pretty obvious we should both work on plan A."
D)"I like plan A the best."

Accepted Answer

Reactance theory suggests that people are less likely to agree with a statement or suggestion when they feel their freedom to choose is being restricted. Option C ("I think it is pretty obvious we should both work on plan A.") implies a strong expectation or pressure for both parties to agree, which is likely to trigger reactance and resistance.

Question 4

Frank and Dinah are locked in a(n)___ conflict because Frank feels that the company should acquire a small,rival company but Dinah believes that such a take-over would be ruinous.
A)personal
B)task (substantive)
C)mixed-motive
D)intergroup

Accepted Answer

The conflict between Frank and Dinah is related to a task or substantive issue, specifically the acquisition of a small, rival company. The conflict is not personal, as the disagreement is about a business decision rather than a personal issue. It is also not a mixed-motive conflict, as both parties have opposing views on the same issue. Finally, it is not an intergroup conflict, as it does not involve conflicts between different groups or teams within the organization.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Humans are the only species that recognize violations of distributive justice.
B)Even primates react negatively when they are overbenefitted by positive inequity.
C)Some primates,such as capuchins,respond negatively when they are "paid" less than others for the same amount of work.
D)Except for humans,primates suffer from "reciprocity blindness": they cannot distinguish between equitable and inequitable reward distributions.
E)Only humans display free-riding.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that some primates, such as capuchins, respond negatively when they are "paid" less than others for the same amount of work, indicating a recognition of violations of distributive justice. Option A is incorrect because research has shown that primates have the ability to recognize and respond to violations of distributive justice. Option B is also incorrect because studies have shown that primates react negatively to under-benefiting (being paid less for the same work) as well as over-benefiting. Option D is incorrect because research has shown that primates have the ability to distinguish between equitable and inequitable reward distributions. Option E is also incorrect because free-riding, or benefiting from a group without contributing, has been observed in some nonhuman primate species.

Question 6

Frank and Dinah are arguing about their wages.Frank says he should make more money because he puts in longer hours.Dinah says everyone should be paid the same,because everyone's work is important.Frank is basing pay on the ___ norm,but Dinah is relying on the ___ norm.
A)fairness;parity
B)equity;equality
C)equality;equity
D)parity;fairness
E)time;load

Accepted Answer

Frank is using the equity norm, which states that pay should be based on the amount of effort or contribution put in, while Dinah is using the equality norm, which states that pay should be based on equal treatment regardless of effort.

Question 7

The "trucking game" (Deutsch & Krauss,1958)suggests that conflict is worst when
A)participants can't communicate with each other
B)both participants can threaten one another.
C)the experimenter can threaten both participants.
D)one of the participation can threaten the other.
E)no one can threaten the other.

Accepted Answer

The "trucking game" suggests that conflict is worst when both participants can threaten one another. This is because both participants have the capability to harm or damage each other, resulting in a higher likelihood of escalation and retaliation. When only one participant can threaten the other, there may still be a power imbalance, but the risk of conflict may not be as high. Similarly, when no one can threaten the other, there may be less motivation for conflict. However, when both participants have the ability to threaten each other, the potential for conflict is highest.

Question 8

Group members who focus on the group's achievements are ___ whereas group members who focus on their personal contributions are ___.
A)collectivistic;allocentric
B)distributivistic;proceduralistic
C)sociocentric;egocentric
D)idiocentric;individualistic

Accepted Answer

Group members who focus on the group's achievements are sociocentric, meaning they prioritize the collective goals and interests of the group. Conversely, group members who focus on their personal contributions are egocentric, meaning they prioritize their individual goals and interests above those of the group.

Question 9

Balance theory predicts that tension is greatest when group members
A)do not know if they like or dislike each other.
B)agree with each other and like each other.
C)disagree about what procedures to use.
D)disagree with each other and like each other.
E)dislike each other.

Accepted Answer

According to balance theory, tension is greatest when there is an imbalance in the triadic relationship between three entities, such as group members. When two group members have a positive relationship with each other but disagree on something, it creates a balance imbalance that can cause tension. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it reflects two group members who disagree but have a positive relationship.

Question 10

I feel as though I am being paid too much for the small amount of work I do for the company.I am experiencing
A)negative inequality.
B)positive inequality.
C)negative inequity.
D)positive inequity.
E)positive parity.

Accepted Answer

Positive inequity occurs when an individual perceives that they are receiving more rewards or benefits than they deserve in relation to others in the organization. In this case, the individual feels overpaid for the work they are doing, which indicates a perception of positive inequity.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic causes of group conflict discussed in the text?
A)Controlling: Disputes over power and authority.
B)Deciding: Disagreements about procedures and decisions.
C)Sharing: Disputes about the division of resources.
D)Winning: Competition for scare outcomes.
E)Hiding: Covert disagreements and secretive maneuvering.

Accepted Answer

The basic causes of group conflict discussed in the text are controlling, deciding, sharing, and winning. "Hiding" is not a basic cause of group conflict as described in the text.

Question 12

When Taylor created dyads where members agreed or disagreed with each other and liked or disliked each other,he noted that hostility was greatest when the discussants ___ each other and ___ with each other.
A)liked;disagreed
B)liked;agreed
C)disliked;disagreed
D)disliked;agreed

Accepted Answer

Taylor noted that hostility was greatest when the discussants disliked each other and disagreed with each other.

Question 13

The group is discussing an important issue,and must choose between option A or option B.Which situation is the most likely to create the greatest level of conflict (hostility)in the group?
A)Bob and Ed like each other,but Bob prefers option A and Ed prefers option B.
B)Bob and Ed dislike each other,but both Bob and Ed prefer option B.
C)Bob and Ed dislike each other,and Bob prefers option A and Ed prefers option B.
D)Bob and Ed like each other,and both prefer option A.

Accepted Answer

When both members dislike each other and have opposing preferences, it is likely to cause the most conflict and hostility within the group. The presence of personal animosity can intensify disagreement and make it harder for the group to come to a resolution.

Question 14

When people experience psychological reactance,they are motivated to
A)inflict harm.
B)go out and help someone.
C)escape the situation that distressed them.
D)reestablish a sense of autonomy

Accepted Answer

Psychological reactance occurs when individuals feel like their freedom or autonomy is being threatened or taken away. In order to reestablish their sense of control, they may become motivated to resist or oppose whatever is limiting their freedom. Therefore, the best choice is D, as people experiencing psychological reactance are likely to try to reestablish their autonomy.

Question 15

During conflicts,people are most likely to misinterpret and misperceive ___ behavior.
A)competitive
B)neutral
C)individualistic
D)aggressive
E)altruistic

Accepted Answer

The answer of During conflicts,people are most likely to misinterpret...

Question 16

___ tends to reduce conflict,whereas ___ increases it.
A)Undermatching;overmatching
B)Equality;equity
C)Bilateral threats;unilateral threats
D)Individualism;collectivism
E)Negative reciprocity;positive reciprocity

Accepted Answer

Undermatching occurs when a person's skills and abilities are not well-matched to the requirements of their job. This can lead to frustration and conflict, as the person may feel that they are not being challenged or that they are not being paid fairly. Overmatching occurs when a person's skills and abilities are well-matched to the requirements of their job. This can lead to satisfaction and increased productivity, as the person feels that they are being challenged and that they are being paid fairly.

Question 17

___ justice focuses on the fairness of distributed rights and resources whereas ___ justice focuses on the fairness of the steps followed when allocating rights and resources.
A)Procedural;distributive
B)Equity;equality
C)Distributive;procedural
D)Mediational;equity
E)Distributive;integrative

Accepted Answer

Distributive justice is concerned with the fair allocation of resources and rights among members of a society, while procedural justice focuses on the fairness and transparency of the processes used to distribute those resources and rights.

Question 18

Because of ___,people tend to assume someone who competes is a competitor and that someone who cooperates is a cooperator.
A)social pressure
B)informational influence
C)the fundamental attribution error
D)perceiver prototypes

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute others' behaviors to their character or personality while underestimating situational influences. In this case, people assume behaviors (competing or cooperating) reflect inherent traits (competitor or cooperator).

Question 19

Frank dislikes Dinah,for she has many qualities that bother Frank-she is sloppy,moody,and interrupts him.Dinah dislikes Frank,for she thinks he is a bore.These feelings create ___ conflict when they are assigned to the same project at work.
A)personal
B)task (substantive)
C)process (procedural)
D)mixed-motive
E)intergroup

Accepted Answer

The conflict described is based on personal feelings and dislikes rather than on issues related to the work task, process, or intergroup dynamics, making it a personal conflict.

Question 20

Group members tend to like members who claim ___ levels of responsibility when the group succeeds and claim ___ levels of responsibility when the groups fail.
A)low;high
B)moderate;low
C)high;low
D)moderate;moderate
E)low;moderate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Group members tend to like members who...

Quiz 13: Conflict

In the "trucking game" experiment,the power to threaten others was manipulated by giving some of the subjects

Which of the following statements is true?

Reactance theory suggests person X will be least likely to go along with person Y when Y states

Frank and Dinah are locked in a(n) ___ conflict because Frank feels that the company should acquire a small,rival company but Dinah believes that such a take-over would be ruinous.

Which of the following statements is true?

Frank and Dinah are arguing about their wages.Frank says he should make more money because he puts in longer hours.Dinah says everyone should be paid the same,because everyone's work is important.Frank is basing pay on the _ norm,but Dinah is relying on the _ norm.

The "trucking game" (Deutsch & Krauss,1958) suggests that conflict is worst when

Group members who focus on the group's achievements are _ whereas group members who focus on their personal contributions are _.

Balance theory predicts that tension is greatest when group members

I feel as though I am being paid too much for the small amount of work I do for the company.I am experiencing

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic causes of group conflict discussed in the text?

When Taylor created dyads where members agreed or disagreed with each other and liked or disliked each other,he noted that hostility was greatest when the discussants _ each other and _ with each other.

The group is discussing an important issue,and must choose between option A or option B.Which situation is the most likely to create the greatest level of conflict (hostility) in the group?

When people experience psychological reactance,they are motivated to

During conflicts,people are most likely to misinterpret and misperceive ___ behavior.

_ tends to reduce conflict,whereas _ increases it.

_ justice focuses on the fairness of distributed rights and resources whereas _ justice focuses on the fairness of the steps followed when allocating rights and resources.

Because of ___,people tend to assume someone who competes is a competitor and that someone who cooperates is a cooperator.

Frank dislikes Dinah,for she has many qualities that bother Frank-she is sloppy,moody,and interrupts him.Dinah dislikes Frank,for she thinks he is a bore.These feelings create ___ conflict when they are assigned to the same project at work.

Group members tend to like members who claim _ levels of responsibility when the group succeeds and claim _ levels of responsibility when the groups fail.