Question 1

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-breaths/minute
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Accepted Answer

Breaths per minute is described by the term "respiratory rate."

Question 2

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-emphysema
A)anaemic hypoxia
B)circulatory hypoxia
C)histotoxic hypoxia
D)hypoxic hypoxia

Accepted Answer

Emphysema primarily leads to hypoxic hypoxia, which occurs when there is a reduction in the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood, often due to issues in the respiratory system preventing adequate oxygenation of the blood. In emphysema, the damage to the alveoli reduces the surface area available for gas exchange, leading to decreased oxygen levels in the blood.

Question 3

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-extra volume of air that can be actively expired by contraction of expiratory muscles beyond that normally expired
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Accepted Answer

The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the additional amount of air that can be exhaled with effort after a normal exhalation. This matches the description of the extra volume of air that can be actively expired beyond what is normally expired.

Question 4

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-volume of air in the respiratory airways
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Accepted Answer

The anatomic dead space volume refers to the volume of air in the respiratory airways that does not participate in gas exchange because it remains in the conducting airways (trachea, bronchi, etc.).

Question 5

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-volume of air that can be expired during the first second of expiration during determination of vital capacity
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Accepted Answer

FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second) is the volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled in the first second during a vital capacity determination.

Question 6

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal passive expiration
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Accepted Answer

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of a normal passive expiration. This includes the residual volume and the expiratory reserve volume.

Question 7

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-vital capacity + residual volume
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Accepted Answer

Total lung capacity is defined as the volume of air present in the lungs after a maximal inspiratory effort, which includes the vital capacity and the residual volume.

Question 8

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-respiratory rate × tidal volume
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Accepted Answer

The product of respiratory rate (how many breaths are taken per minute) and tidal volume (the volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath) defines pulmonary ventilation.

Question 9

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-amount of air that is available for exchange of gases with the blood per minute
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Accepted Answer

Alveolar ventilation refers to the volume of air per minute that reaches the alveoli, the sites of gas exchange in the lungs, making it the correct match for the description.

Question 10

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-congestive heart failure
A)anaemic hypoxia
B)circulatory hypoxia
C)histotoxic hypoxia
D)hypoxic hypoxia

Accepted Answer

Congestive heart failure is associated with circulatory hypoxia because it involves a reduced capacity of the circulatory system to supply oxygenated blood to tissues, due to the heart's decreased efficiency.

Question 11

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-high altitude
A)anaemic hypoxia
B)circulatory hypoxia
C)histotoxic hypoxia
D)hypoxic hypoxia

Accepted Answer

High altitude primarily causes hypoxic hypoxia, which occurs when there is a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen at high altitudes, leading to insufficient oxygen available for the body to absorb.

Question 12

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during a single breath
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Accepted Answer

Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation, effectively representing the maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during a single breath.

Question 13

Match the effects on the rate of gas transfer, labelled a. through c., with the changes listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-the effect of pulmonary fibrosis on O₂ and CO₂ exchange within the lungs
A)This change would increase the rate of gas transfer.
B)This change would decrease the rate of gas transfer.
C)This change would have no effect on the rate of gas transfer.

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis is the scarring of lung tissue, which can reduce the surface area available for gas exchange and increase the distance for gases to diffuse. As a result, it decreases the rate of gas transfer.

Question 14

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-amount of air breathed in and out in one minute
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the total amount of air breathed in and out in one minute, encompassing both the air that participates in gas exchange and the air that remains in the conducting airways.

Question 15

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal expiration
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Accepted Answer

Inspiratory capacity is defined as the maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal expiration, which includes the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve volume.

Question 16

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-cyanide poisoning
A)anaemic hypoxia
B)circulatory hypoxia
C)histotoxic hypoxia
D)hypoxic hypoxia

Accepted Answer

Cyanide poisoning leads to histotoxic hypoxia because it prevents the cells from using oxygen by inhibiting cellular respiration enzymes.

Question 17

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-carbon monoxide poisoning
A)anaemic hypoxia
B)circulatory hypoxia
C)histotoxic hypoxia
D)hypoxic hypoxia

Accepted Answer

Carbon monoxide poisoning leads to anaemic hypoxia because carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin more effectively than oxygen does, reducing the blood's capacity to carry oxygen to tissues.

Question 18

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-haemoglobin deficiency
A)anaemic hypoxia
B)circulatory hypoxia
C)histotoxic hypoxia
D)hypoxic hypoxia

Accepted Answer

Anaemic hypoxia occurs when there is a deficiency in haemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood. This condition leads to a reduced capacity of the blood to carry oxygen to tissues.

Question 19

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Accepted Answer

Vital capacity is the total amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation, which includes the inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume.

Question 20

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
-extra volume of air that can be maximally inspired over and above the tidal volume
A)vital capacity
B)respiratory rate
C)FEV1
D)tidal volume
E)residual volume
F)total lung capacity
G)functional residual capacity
H)alveolar ventilation
I)pulmonary ventilation
J)inspiratory reserve volume
K)expiratory reserve volume
L)inspiratory capacity
M)anatomic dead space volume

Accepted Answer

The extra volume of air that can be maximally inspired over and above the tidal volume is known as the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV).

Quiz 12: The Respiratory System

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -breaths/minute

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -emphysema

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -extra volume of air that can be actively expired by contraction of expiratory muscles beyond that normally expired

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -volume of air in the respiratory airways

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -volume of air that can be expired during the first second of expiration during determination of vital capacity

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal passive expiration

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -vital capacity + residual volume

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -respiratory rate × tidal volume

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -amount of air that is available for exchange of gases with the blood per minute

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -congestive heart failure

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -high altitude

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -maximum volume of air that can be moved in and out during a single breath

Match the effects on the rate of gas transfer, labelled a. through c., with the changes listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -the effect of pulmonary fibrosis on O₂ and CO₂ exchange within the lungs

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -amount of air breathed in and out in one minute

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal expiration

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -cyanide poisoning

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -carbon monoxide poisoning

Match the types of hypoxia, labelled a. through d., with the circumstances. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -haemoglobin deficiency

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume

Match the lung volume/capacity terms, labelled a. through m., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) -extra volume of air that can be maximally inspired over and above the tidal volume