Question 1

Explore the relationship between stress and the immune system. What is the HPA axis? What are stress hormones? Is there a "lab" test to measure stress levels in human beings?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explore the relationship between stress and the...

Question 2

According to consensus research, in which direction do pain signals travel to contribute to the experience of pain?

Accepted Answer

Pain signals travel both "up" from the site of injury or tissue damage through the spinal cord to the brain, where the sensation of pain is recognized, and "down" as the brain can modulate the perception and response to pain through descending pathways. This bidirectional communication is crucial for the experience and regulation of pain.

Question 3

A massive antismoking campaign in China in 1989 involved

Accepted Answer

The massive antismoking campaign in China involved children reporting to their schools on their fathers' smoking habits, which suggests a community-based approach. The other options (bonuses and penalties for employees, and written agreements for married couples) are more individually focused and may not have had the same impact on changing societal attitudes toward smoking.

Question 4

A new medical specialty called psychoneuroimmunology reflects the relationship among

Accepted Answer

Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the relationship among psychological factors including stress, the immune system, and the nervous system. Therefore, all of the choices in the question are correct.

Question 5

In the massive antismoking campaign in China in 1989, the results indicated that ____% of the 10,000 fathers in the intervention group quit smoking for at least six months, in comparison to a control group of 10,000 in which only ____% quit smoking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the massive antismoking campaign in China...

Question 6

In 1989, health professionals in China began a massive antismoking effort in several cities that involved children whose fathers smoked. As part of this effort, all of the following are accurate statements EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The statement "photos of the fathers who continued smoking were published in the school newspapers" is inaccurate. While schoolchildren were encouraged to write letters to their fathers asking them to quit smoking and submit monthly reports on their fathers' smoking habits to their schools, there is no evidence that photos of fathers who continued smoking were published in school newspapers.

Question 7

Discuss why stress is often implicated as a factor in cardiovascular disease. Define type A personality and discuss research regarding its validity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss why stress is often implicated as...

Question 8

One of the most successful efforts to reduce risk factors for a medical condition involved three entire communities in California in which residents received different types of interventions or no intervention at all (for the community that served as the control group). The targeted condition in this effort was

Accepted Answer

The passage mentions that the intervention was aimed at reducing risk factors for a medical condition. It goes on to state that the communities received different types of interventions or no intervention at all. The condition targeted was not explicitly stated but based on the risk factors typically associated with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and obesity, it can be inferred that the targeted condition was heart disease. Therefore, choice C) is the best answer.

Question 9

Discuss how psychological factors including negative cognitions affect immune system functioning. Give examples of physical conditions that are considered stress-related.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how psychological factors including negative cognitions...

Question 10

Your textbook reports on a behavioral change program to address the high rate of smoking in China. This was an important study for several reasons, including the fact that

Accepted Answer

The high rate of smoking in China is a significant issue, as it affects a large portion of the population. With the population of China being over 1.3 billion, the number of people who smoke in China is around 350 million. This approximates the entire population of the United States, which is currently around 330 million.

Question 11

The field of stress physiology began with the research of Hans Selye and his laboratory rats. Explain how his findings developed into an understanding of the physical impact of stress.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The field of stress physiology began with...

Question 12

When high-risk individuals are given educational and informational pamphlets about ways to reduce their chances of becoming HIV positive, they typically

Accepted Answer

Unfortunately, giving educational and informational pamphlets alone typically does not result in behavior change. High-risk individuals may be aware of the potential dangers of unprotected sex, but they may not prioritize their long-term health over their immediate desires. Additional interventions, such as counseling and support, may be necessary to encourage behavior change.

Question 13

Explain how denial can be a hindrance and a help as a means of coping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how denial can be a hindrance...

Question 14

Which of the following factors accurately represents the circumstances regarding women and HIV/AIDS?

Accepted Answer

According to the options given, the only factor that accurately represents the circumstances regarding women and HIV/AIDS is that women accounted for 50% of new AIDS cases in 2003. Options A and D are both incorrect, since the age group of highest risk for HIV infection in women differs depending on the country and region, and not all women consider themselves at risk. Option B is also incorrect since most research on HIV/AIDS has focused on men who have sex with men, injection drug users, and sex workers, not women specifically.

Question 15

Which is a type of circumstance in which women put themselves at risk for HIV/AIDS infection differently from men?

Accepted Answer

Women who are economically deprived may turn to prostitution as a means of survival, which puts them at a higher risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. This is because they may engage in unprotected sex with multiple partners, some of whom may be high-risk individuals. Additionally, they may not have control over condom use in their clients.

Question 16

Describe the use of biofeedback, meditation, and relaxation techniques in the management of stress-related disorders. How effective are these treatments for stress management and pain relief?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the use of biofeedback, meditation, and...

Question 17

A new medical subspecialty called psychoncology reflects the influence of psychological factors in the development and progression of

Accepted Answer

The term "psychoncology" specifically refers to the intersection of psychology and oncology, indicating that it is focused on cancer. The other options are not specifically related to cancer.

Question 18

Discuss chronic pain. What factors, including psychological, are thought to maintain chronic pain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss chronic pain. What factors, including psychological,...

Question 19

Discuss the relationship between psychoncology and the progression of cancer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the relationship between psychoncology and the...

Question 20

Regarding the age ranges for the risk of HIV/AIDS, which of the following statements is accurate?

Accepted Answer

The highest risk for women is typically between the ages of 15 and 24, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). For men, the highest risk is also during their late teens and early twenties. However, it's important to note that these age ranges can vary based on a variety of factors, such as location, socioeconomic status, and behavior.

Quiz 7: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology