Question 1

Name the three tasks of the therapeutic process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the three tasks of the therapeutic...

Question 2

Electroconvulsive therapy has been used successfully to treat ________that has not responded to other treatments.

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is most commonly used as a treatment for severe depression that has not responded to other treatments. While it can also be effective for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, these conditions generally have other preferred treatments that are attempted first. ECT is not typically used for dissociative amnesia.

Question 3

Prefrontal lobotomy is one form of

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal lobotomy is a type of psychosurgery in which the connections between the prefrontal cortex and other parts of the brain are surgically severed. This procedure was popular in the mid-20th century for treating mental illness, but is now considered a controversial and outdated practice. Shock treatments (A), drug therapy (B), EST (D), and ECT (E) are not synonymous with prefrontal lobotomy.

Question 4

Electroconvulsive therapy has proven successful in treating

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has proven to be most successful in treating severe depression that has not responded to other treatments such as medication and psychotherapy. While ECT may also be used as a last resort for other mental health conditions such as schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, it is primarily reserved for severe depression. ECT is not typically used to treat ADHD or general anxiety disorder.

Question 5

A serious side effect of electroconvulsive therapy is related to

Accepted Answer

Memory deficits are a serious side effect of electroconvulsive therapy. This can include retrograde amnesia (loss of previously formed memories) and anterograde amnesia (difficulty forming new memories). While some of these deficits may improve over time, others can be permanent.

Question 6

A serious concern regarding the use of anti-anxiety medications is that

Accepted Answer

All of the above are serious concerns regarding the use of anti-anxiety medications. Abruptly stopping these drugs can lead to withdrawal symptoms, they are depressants that can impair driving, and chronic use can lead to addiction. It is important to use these medications only as directed by a healthcare professional and to be aware of potential risks and side effects.

Question 7

Name the qualities of therapy, as used by Carl Rogers, that have been found to produce successful results.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the qualities of therapy, as used...

Question 8

What is the common element of all therapies?

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Question 9

A treatment for severe depression in which an electric shock is delivered to the patient, resulting in a seizure of the body and the release of a flood of neurotransmitters in the brain, is called

Accepted Answer

The treatment described in the question, involving electric shock and resulting seizures, is known as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Other options listed, such as prefrontal lobotomy and trephining, are outdated and not commonly used today. Relaxation training and meditation can be useful in managing symptoms of depression, but would not be considered a treatment for severe depression. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a newer treatment option for depression, but does not involve electric shock or seizures as ECT does.

Question 10

The problem with a ________ therapist who encourages a patient to express his or her anger is that this may actually increase the patient's rage in a harmful way.

Accepted Answer

A Freudian therapist encourages patients to express their anger, which can lead to increased rage in a harmful way.

Question 11

We have the most evidence of efficacy for these therapies:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy and antidepressant drugs have the most evidence of efficacy in treating various mental health conditions, including depression and anxiety disorders, based on numerous randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses. Interpersonal therapy and other psychotherapies may also be effective, but the evidence base is not as robust as for cognitive-behavioral therapy and antidepressant medication.

Question 12

A patient suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may improve when treated with

Accepted Answer

Stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are commonly used to treat ADHD. They work by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which can improve attention, focus, and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Anti-anxiety medications and antipsychotic medications are not typically used for ADHD, while Prozac and Valium are used for depression and anxiety disorders, respectively. Caffeine may have temporary benefits for ADHD symptoms, but it is not a recommended treatment option.

Question 13

The technique of ________ involves severing the nerve fibers connecting the frontal lobes with deep brain structures including the thalamus and the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

The technique described is prefrontal lobotomy, which involves severing the nerve fibers connecting the frontal lobes with deep brain structures. Neurosurgery and diencephalotomy are not specific enough, and electroconvulsive therapy and TMS do not involve severing nerve fibers.

Question 14

________ has shown that CBT and the antidepressants work by targeting different parts of the brain.

Accepted Answer

Mayberg is a neuroscientist who has conducted research showing that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressants work by targeting different parts of the brain. Specifically, CBT appears to increase activity in the prefrontal cortex, while antidepressants increase activity in the limbic system.

Question 15

An important means by which to avoid speech impairment after electroconvulsive therapy is to

Accepted Answer

Applying shock only to the right temple (unilateral ECT) can help minimize cognitive side effects, including speech impairment, compared to bilateral ECT. This method targets the non-dominant hemisphere for most patients, reducing the impact on speech and memory functions.

Question 16

A serious side effect of prefrontal lobotomy is related to

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal lobotomy is known to cause major alterations in personality, which can have serious and long-lasting consequences for the patient's quality of life. While it may reduce agitation and anxiety, it also carries a significant risk of cognitive impairment and memory disorder. Any potential benefits must be weighed against the impact on the individual's personality and ability to function in society.

Question 17

Which type of psychotherapist is most likely to use systematic desensitization?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of psychotherapist is most likely...

Question 18

Cassie is diagnosed with severe depression. Her psychiatrist has prescribed many medications and psychotherapy, none of which have helped to alleviate her depression. Her psychiatrist is now likely to recommend

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be recommended when other treatments have failed to alleviate severe depression. It involves applying a brief electrical stimulation to the brain, which can help improve symptoms in some cases. While it has potential side effects and is controversial, it can be a life-saving treatment for some patients.

Question 19

Psychoanalytic therapy is a type of ________ because its goal is to help a patient understand the cause his or her problems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychoanalytic therapy is a type of ________...

Question 20

Elyn was recently treated with electroconvulsive therapy. She is mostly likely experiencing which psychological disorder?

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment commonly used for severe depression that has not responded to other treatments. Therefore, Elyn is most likely experiencing depression.

Quiz 13: Therapies for Psychological Disorders