Question 1

The nurse is planning the care of a person with chronic glomerulonephritis. What is an appropriate treatment goal for this person?

Accepted Answer

Chronic glomerulonephritis is a condition that slowly damages the glomeruli in the kidneys, which can lead to chronic kidney disease. The goal of treatment is to maintain renal function, as there is no cure for this condition. While returning to work and achieving independence are important, preserving kidney function is the primary treatment objective. Encouraging lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and exercise can help to slow the progression of the disease.

Question 2

A person with acute kidney injury (AKI)is prescribed frusemide. This medication will help the individual because it

Accepted Answer

Frusemide is a loop diuretic that acts on the ascending loop of Henle to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption. This results in increased urine output and reduction in oedema, which is a common symptom in AKI. Frusemide does not preserve plasma proteins nor maintain serum sodium levels, and it is not a thiazide diuretic.

Question 3

A person who is diagnosed with renal cancer states, 'I only lost a few kilograms! I had no other symptoms!' What is the only consistent symptom of renal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Haematuria (blood in urine) is the only consistent symptom of renal cancer. Flank pain, palpable abdominal mass, and constipation may also occur, but they are not consistently present in all cases.

Question 4

A person is diagnosed with postrenal acute kidney injury. The nurse realises that this type of renal failure can be caused by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by an obstruction in the urinary tract. An enlarged prostate is a common cause of this obstruction, leading to postrenal AKI. Nephrotoxicity, hypovolaemia, and hypotension can all cause other types of AKI, but not specifically postrenal AKI.

Question 5

A person is scheduled to have an arteriovenous (AV)fistula placed in the right arm for renal dialysis. Which of the following interventions are appropriate for this person? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure readings should be taken on the opposite arm to avoid complications. A functioning fistula should have a palpable thrill and bruit, indicating proper blood flow.

Question 6

Which of the following should be assessed in an elderly person with age-related renal dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

In an elderly person with age-related renal dysfunction, it is important to assess for medication or drug toxicity as the aging process can affect the body's ability to metabolize and excrete drugs, leading to potential toxicity. Assessing physical activity, daily food intake, and activity status may also be important for overall health, but they do not specifically address the concerns related to renal dysfunction in aging.

Question 7

A person with chronic kidney disease is trying to decide between haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Which of the following are advantages of peritoneal dialysis for this person? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person with chronic kidney disease is...

Question 8

Which of the following interventions would be appropriate for a person in renal failure with the diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements?

Accepted Answer

Providing mouth care before meals can help stimulate appetite and improve the taste of food, which can be beneficial for someone with imbalanced nutrition due to renal failure.

Question 9

A person who is recovering from acute renal injury is being discharged. Which of the following should the nurse include in this person's instructions?

Accepted Answer

Avoiding alcohol consumption is crucial for someone recovering from acute renal injury because alcohol can be harmful to the kidneys and can interfere with the recovery process. Alcohol is a toxin that the kidneys need to filter out, and consuming it can put additional stress on the kidneys.

Question 10

Which of the following interventions would be appropriate for a person with excess fluid volume related to chronic glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Daily weights are an appropriate intervention for excess fluid volume related to chronic glomerulonephritis, as it allows for monitoring of fluid status and potential need for adjustment of treatment such as diuretics. Assessing for manifestations of infection, scheduling activities to conserve energy, and documenting energy level may be relevant interventions for other conditions, but not specifically for excess fluid volume related to chronic glomerulonephritis.

Question 11

A person is admitted with signs of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following is indicative of metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

Kussmaul's respirations, which are deep and rapid breathing, are seen in metabolic acidosis as the body tries to compensate for the excess acid in the blood. Oliguria and muscle cramps may occur in chronic kidney disease, but they are not specific to metabolic acidosis. Photophobia is not a symptom of either condition.

Question 12

A person with diabetes and heart disease is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. The nurse realises that extra care should be taken with this person if prescribing which of the following classifications of medications?

Accepted Answer

Metformin is contraindicated in patients with chronic kidney disease due to the risk of lactic acidosis, especially in those with significantly reduced renal function.

Question 13

A person who received a kidney transplant seven years ago is seen for increasing blood pressure and proteinuria. The nurse realises that this person is demonstrating signs of which condition?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of increasing blood pressure and proteinuria years after a kidney transplant are indicative of chronic kidney rejection. This condition develops over time and can lead to the gradual loss of kidney function.

Question 14

An elderly person with decreased renal function is admitted to the hospital with cardiac complications. Which of the following concerns should the nurse have regarding this person's medications?

Accepted Answer

Decreased renal function can affect the metabolism and excretion of medications, making it more likely for drugs to accumulate in the body and increase the risk of toxicity. Therefore, the nurse should be concerned about whether the person is receiving the appropriate dosage of medication that is adjusted for their impaired renal function.

Question 15

A person is diagnosed with hypertension caused by polycystic kidney disease. Which of the following might be helpful to control this person's blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors have been shown to be effective in controlling blood pressure in patients with polycystic kidney disease. Digoxin is not used for hypertension and haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis are treatments for end-stage kidney disease, not for controlling blood pressure.

Question 16

Three weeks after being treated for strep throat, a person comes into the clinic with signs of acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following symptoms will the nurse most likely find upon assessment of this person?

Accepted Answer

Acute glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, which affects the filtering ability of the kidneys. This can lead to the retention of fluids and the development of dependent edema (swelling in dependent areas such as the legs and feet). Excessive thirst (polydipsia), increased appetite (polyphagia), and increased urine production (polyuria) are not typically associated with acute glomerulonephritis.

Question 17

An elderly person is scheduled for a CT scan with and without contrast dye. Which action should be performed prior to this CT scan?

Accepted Answer

Prior to a CT scan with contrast dye, it is important to monitor renal functioning because the dye is excreted by the kidneys and can cause damage to the kidneys in those with impaired renal function. This can be done through blood tests to measure creatinine levels and assessing urinary output. It is also important to obtain a thorough medical history to assess for any allergies or previous reactions to contrast dye. Measuring weight and assessing vital signs may be important for other aspects of care, but are not specifically related to preparing for a CT scan with contrast dye. Keeping the person NBM (nothing by mouth) may be necessary if sedation is required for the procedure, but is not a universal requirement for a CT scan with contrast dye.

Question 18

A person with chronic kidney disease is diagnosed with hypertension. Why does the person's blood pressure need to be controlled?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension can cause further damage to the kidneys in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Controlling blood pressure can slow the decline of kidney function and may delay the need for dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Question 19

Which of the following should be included when providing instructions to a person who is post-nephrectomy for kidney cancer?

Accepted Answer

Post-nephrectomy patients are at an increased risk for urinary tract infections because of the reduced number of functioning kidneys. Therefore, it is important to include education on recognizing the symptoms of UTIs in the post-nephrectomy instructions.

Answer: B 
 While organ donation is an important topic to discuss, it is not specifically relevant to post-nephrectomy instructions for a patient with kidney cancer.

Answer: A 
 It is important for post-nephrectomy patients to engage in physical activity, but the term "vigorous" is subjective and could be dangerous if the patient overexerts themselves.

Answer: D 
 Restricting fluid intake is not typically recommended for post-nephrectomy patients, as adequate hydration is important for kidney function.

Question 20

A person is diagnosed with 45% of normal glomerular filtration. The nurse realises that this person is experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Renal insufficiency is a condition in which the kidneys are not able to filter waste products from the blood as well as they should. This can be caused by a number of factors, including damage to the kidneys, dehydration, and certain medications. Renal insufficiency can lead to a build-up of waste products in the blood, which can cause a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and swelling in the hands and feet.

Quiz 27: Nursing Care of People With Kidney Disorders