Question 1

The nurse expects to hear which heart sounds when assessing the adult heart?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

A common laboratory test related to heart assessment is a fasting lipid profile. Which of the following statements is true regarding this test?

Accepted Answer

The fasting lipid profile measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. The goal is to have a total cholesterol level less than 200 mg/dL. HDL levels are measured and should be above 40 mg/dL for men and 50 mg/dL for women. LDL levels should be below 130 mg/dL. A normal triglyceride level is less than 150 mg/dL.

Question 3

Place the following statements regarding cardiac catheterisation in the correct order:

Accepted Answer

The first step in cardiac catheterisation is to insert the catheter, which is typically done through the leg. This is followed by the insertion of a peripheral IV to administer medications and fluids. Once the catheter is in place, it is threaded through the vessels until it reaches the heart chamber. Contrast is then injected into the vessels to make them visible on imaging. Finally, heart activity is filmed to check for any abnormalities or blockages. Therefore, the correct order is D, E, C, A, B.

Question 4

The person is being evaluated for left atrium thrombus due to a dysrhythmia (altered heart rhythm). Which of the following common cardiac tests will be ordered to assess for thrombus?

Accepted Answer

Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the most reliable test to assess for left atrium thrombus due to a dysrhythmia as it provides detailed images of the heart structures including the left atrium where the thrombus can be seen. Blood pool imaging, cardiac catheterisation and thallium scans are not typically used to assess for thrombus.

Question 5

The person is admitted to the hospital for evaluation and diagnosis of cardiovascular pathology. The person is scheduled for an ejection fraction study. What correct facts will guide teaching of the person? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The person is admitted to the hospital...

Question 6

The nurse is interviewing the person. Which functional health pattern is related to asking the person if they have had tests to check the function of their heart?

Accepted Answer

Asking if the person has had tests to check the function of their heart falls under the Health-perception-health-management pattern, as it relates to the person's awareness and management of their own health. The other options do not directly relate to heart function testing.

Question 7

An older adult is being evaluated for age-related cardiac changes. Common age-related changes include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of An older adult is being evaluated for...

Question 8

The person's ECG shows the following characteristics: PR interval .08, QRS .08 and isoelectric ST segment. What do these characteristics indicate?

Accepted Answer

A PR interval of .08 seconds is shorter than the normal range (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), indicating faster than normal conduction from the SA node to the ventricles. A QRS duration of .08 seconds is within the normal range (0.06 to 0.10 seconds), indicating normal conduction through the ventricles. An isoelectric ST segment is considered normal, indicating no significant ischemia or injury at the time of the ECG.

Question 9

The nurse is caring for a person admitted with an atrial gallop. The nurse realises that which of the following cardiac conditions could result in this assessment finding? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is caring for a person...

Question 10

Pericardiocentesis would be utilised in which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

Pericardiocentesis is a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the chest to remove excess fluid that has accummulated in the pericardial sac, which can occur in cardiac tamponade. It would not be useful in suspected damage to a heart valve or severe bradycardia. In pericarditis, there is inflammation of the pericardium rather than fluid accumulation.

Question 11

When listening to heart sounds, the nurse expects to hear S1 and S2. The presence of an additional sound immediately following S2 is called ________, which can result from ________.

Accepted Answer

The presence of an additional sound immediately following S2 is called S3, which can result from myocardial failure. S4 is also an additional sound but occurs just before S1 and is caused by increased resistance to ventricular filling. A and C are incorrect options as they mention S4 as well as S3.

Question 12

At which location will S1 be heard the loudest?

Accepted Answer

The answer of At which location will S1 be heard...

Question 13

In the person with hypovolaemic shock, the nurse realises that the heart sounds will change in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the person with hypovolaemic shock, the...

Question 14

Bradycardia occurs when the nurse assesses an apical heart rate of how many beats per minute in an adult?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia is defined as a slow heart rate, which is generally considered to be less than 60 beats per minute in an adult.

Question 15

The S2 will be heard the loudest at which location?

Accepted Answer

The S2 heart sound, which is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves, is best heard at the right sternal border at the second intercostal space. This location is closest to the aortic and pulmonary valves, making it the optimal spot for auscultating the S2 sound.

Question 16

How many beats per minute does the nurse expect to hear listening to adult heart sounds when a normal sinus rhythm is present?

Accepted Answer

When a normal sinus rhythm is present in an adult, the nurse would expect to hear 60-100 beats per minute.

Question 17

The S1 heart sound corresponds to which of the following physiological events?

Accepted Answer

The S1 heart sound is caused by the closure of the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral valves) at the start of ventricular systole, which marks the beginning of contraction of the ventricles and the ejection of blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Question 18

The person is having a treadmill test. Which of the following is an important teaching point?

Accepted Answer

It is important for the person to wear comfortable clothing and shoes for the treadmill test as it will ensure their comfort during the test and allow ease of movement on the treadmill. It is not advisable for the person to smoke before the test as it may affect the results. The person may have to fast for a certain period of time before the test, but this duration depends on the specific instructions given to them by the healthcare provider. A hospital gown and slippers would not be necessary for the test.

Question 19

Tachycardia occurs when the nurse assesses an apical heart rate of how many beats per minute in an adult?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute in adults. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they represent normal or bradycardic heart rates.

Question 20

What is an important nutritional-metabolic interview question to ask persons who are being evaluated for heart conditions?

Accepted Answer

Recent weight gain or loss can indicate changes in fluid balance or nutritional status, which are important to consider in the evaluation of heart conditions.

Quiz 29: Nursing Care of People With Coronary Heart Disease