Question 1

Which neurotransmitter plays an important role in sleep regulation?
A)glutamate
B)serotonin
C)dopamine
D)acetylcholine

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

What is monoamine oxidase?
A)the enzyme that breaks down norepinephrine and dopamine
B)a neurotransmitter responsible for human excitement
C)an enzyme that mimics a neurotransmitter
D)a vessel located in the terminal buttons

Accepted Answer

Monoamine oxidase is an enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine. It plays a role in the regulation of mood and behavior.

Question 3

A PET scan detects that Mark's neurotransmitters are in the synapse.Where were they released from?
A)axon terminals
B)dendrites
C)receptor sites
D)the myelin

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are usually released from the axon terminals of a neuron, and travel across the synapse to bind with receptor sites on the next neuron or target cell. So, if a PET scan detects neurotransmitters in the synapse, it indicates that they were released from the axon terminals.

Question 4

What disease is characterized by severe muscle weakness and fatigue,and is caused by a blockage of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?
A)Alzheimer's disease
B)Parkinson's disease
C)muscular dystrophy
D)myasthenia gravis

Accepted Answer

Myasthenia gravis is a rare autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and causes severe muscle weakness and fatigue. It is caused by a blockage of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contraction, at the motor endplate. This results in impaired communication between nerves and muscles, leading to reduced muscle function.

Question 5

Which process removes neurotransmitters from the synapse?
A)enzyme breakdown and spontaneous disintegration
B)reuptake and spontaneous disintegration
C)spontaneous disintegration and metabotropic breakdown
D)enzyme breakdown and reuptake

Accepted Answer

The process that removes neurotransmitters from the synapse is a combination of enzyme breakdown and reuptake. Enzymes break down the neurotransmitter into smaller molecules that can be reused, and reuptake is the process by which neurotransmitters are taken back up into the presynaptic neuron to be used again. Both processes work together to ensure that the level of neurotransmitters in the synapse is properly regulated.

Question 6

How do drugs act on the nervous system?
A)by affecting the activating neurotransmitters
B)by mimicking the effects of neurotransmitters
C)by changing the shape of the synapse
D)by altering the shape of the axon myelin

Accepted Answer

Drugs act on the nervous system by mimicking the effects of neurotransmitters. They can either bind to the receptor site and activate it or block it, resulting in either an increase or decrease in neurotransmitter activity.

Question 7

What is the name for the site between neurons and muscle cells where chemical release causes muscle cells to contract?
A)synapse
B)dendrite
C)neuromuscular junction
D)medulla

Accepted Answer

The site between neurons and muscle cells where chemical release causes muscle cells to contract is called the neuromuscular junction. Option A, synapse, refers to the site between two neurons where chemical communication occurs. Option B, dendrite, is a part of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons. Option D, medulla, is a part of the brainstem that controls vital bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Question 8

If a neurotransmitter is viewed as a key,what structure would be viewed as the lock?
A)the axon
B)the synapse
C)the receptor
D)the axon terminal

Accepted Answer

The receptor is the specific protein or group of proteins on the postsynaptic membrane of a neuron that is designed to receive a specific neurotransmitter, much like a lock is designed to only accept a specific key. When the neurotransmitter binds to the receptor, it causes changes in the postsynaptic neuron, either exciting or inhibiting its activity, depending on the nature of the neurotransmitter and the receptor subtype.

Question 9

How does the antagonist drug naloxone work?
A)by stimulating nicotinic receptors
B)by blocking receptors
C)by reducing synthesis of GABA
D)by reducing reuptake

Accepted Answer

Naloxone works by binding to and blocking opioid receptors in the brain, thereby reversing the effects of opioids such as heroin or morphine. This can help to prevent or reverse an opioid overdose.

Question 10

What is the term for the sheath that usually covers an axon?
A)dopamine
B)mylar
C)myelin
D)synapse membrane

Accepted Answer

The sheath that covers an axon is called myelin. Myelin is a fatty substance that helps to insulate and protect the axon, and allows for faster and more efficient transmission of electrical signals.

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is active at the neuromuscular junction?
A)acetylcholine
B)dopamine
C)myosin
D)serotonin

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that is active at the neuromuscular junction. It binds to receptors on the muscle fiber, causing it to contract. Dopamine, myosin, and serotonin are not involved in the contraction of muscles at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 12

What is the term for the packages that neurotransmitters are stored in?
A)dendrites
B)axon terminals
C)receptor sites
D)ionotropes

Accepted Answer

The packages that neurotransmitters are stored in are called synaptic vesicles located in the axon terminal. Dendrites receive information and receptor sites are proteins on the postsynaptic membrane where neurotransmitters bind. Ionotropes refer to receptors that are ligand-gated ion channels.

Question 13

What is the term for the electrical activity along the axon that occurs when a neuron fires?
A)modal current
B)action potential
C)metabotropic activity
D)tomography

Accepted Answer

The term for the electrical activity along the axon that occurs when a neuron fires is action potential.

Question 14

When neurotransmitter molecules are released into the small space between two neurons,what is the space they have entered?
A)axon
B)axon terminal
C)dendrite
D)synapse

Accepted Answer

The space between two neurons where neurotransmitter molecules are released is called the synapse. Therefore, option D is the correct choice. Axon (A) is the long, slender projection of a neuron that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body, while the axon terminal (B) is the endpoint of the axon where neurotransmitters are released. Dendrites (C) are the branching projections of a neuron that receive electrical signals from other neurons.

Question 15

Mary's daughter was just told by the doctor that her mother most likely has Alzheimer's disease.Which neurotransmitter is thought to play a critical role in this disease?
A)dopamine
B)norepinephrine
C)acetylcholine
D)serotonin

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that is thought to play a critical role in Alzheimer's disease. In this disease, there is a significant reduction in acetylcholine levels in the brain, which leads to cognitive and memory impairments.

Question 16

What are the specialized structures called which are located on dendrites and cell bodies of the neurons that are activated by neurotransmitters?
A)receptor sites
B)axon terminals
C)synapses
D)vesicles

Accepted Answer

The specialized structures located on dendrites and cell bodies of the neurons that are activated by neurotransmitters are known as receptor sites. These sites are specific to particular types of neurotransmitters and are responsible for initiating a response in the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 17

What determines whether a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory?
A)the type of receptor
B)the ionotropic channel
C)the speed of synapsis
D)the rate of synthesis

Accepted Answer

The type of receptor determines whether a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory. For example, glutamate is primarily an excitatory neurotransmitter because it binds to ionotropic receptors that cause depolarization, while GABA is primarily inhibitory because it binds to ionotropic receptors that cause hyperpolarization.

Question 18

Which of the following is a compound that occupies a receptor,but does NOT activate the neuron?
A)an agonist
B)an antagonist
C)an enzyme
D)a neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

An antagonist is a compound that occupies a receptor but does not activate the neuron, preventing activation by other agonists.

Question 19

What type of event occurs during the transmission of information at the synapse?
A)chemical event
B)ontogenetic event
C)electrical event
D)tomographic event

Accepted Answer

During the transmission of information at the synapse, there is a release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron, which then binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, causing a chemical event.

Question 20

What is occurring when ion channels for sodium and potassium open and close in rapid succession,causing the neuron to depolarize and then repolarize?
A)modal current
B)action potential
C)metabotropic activity
D)tomography

Accepted Answer

This is describing the process of an action potential, where ion channels for sodium and potassium open and close in rapid succession, causing the neuron to depolarize and then repolarize.

Quiz 3: Drugs and the Nervous System

Which neurotransmitter plays an important role in sleep regulation?

What is monoamine oxidase?

A PET scan detects that Mark's neurotransmitters are in the synapse.Where were they released from?

What disease is characterized by severe muscle weakness and fatigue,and is caused by a blockage of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?

Which process removes neurotransmitters from the synapse?

How do drugs act on the nervous system?

What is the name for the site between neurons and muscle cells where chemical release causes muscle cells to contract?

If a neurotransmitter is viewed as a key,what structure would be viewed as the lock?

How does the antagonist drug naloxone work?

What is the term for the sheath that usually covers an axon?

Which neurotransmitter is active at the neuromuscular junction?

What is the term for the packages that neurotransmitters are stored in?

What is the term for the electrical activity along the axon that occurs when a neuron fires?

When neurotransmitter molecules are released into the small space between two neurons,what is the space they have entered?

Mary's daughter was just told by the doctor that her mother most likely has Alzheimer's disease.Which neurotransmitter is thought to play a critical role in this disease?

What are the specialized structures called which are located on dendrites and cell bodies of the neurons that are activated by neurotransmitters?

What determines whether a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory?

Which of the following is a compound that occupies a receptor,but does NOT activate the neuron?

What type of event occurs during the transmission of information at the synapse?

What is occurring when ion channels for sodium and potassium open and close in rapid succession,causing the neuron to depolarize and then repolarize?