Question 1

A system of "shock incarceration," which is designed to be an intensively structured, short-term alternative to prison, is also known as:
A) wilderness programs.
B) boot camps.
C) adventure programs.
D) reform school.
E) ECT

Accepted Answer

The system of "shock incarceration" is commonly known as boot camps. These programs aim to provide a highly structured and rigorous environment for offenders to discourage criminal behavior and teach discipline and responsibility.

Question 2

Patterson's Coercion Developmental Theory places more emphasis on _____, whereas Moffit's Developmental Theory emphasizes _____.
A) parenting; characteristics of the child
B) violent offenses; status offenses
C) boys' delinquency; girls' delinquency
D) treatment; prevention
E) developmental trajectories; societal influences

Accepted Answer

Patterson's Coercion Developmental Theory focuses on the role of parenting and family environment in the development of antisocial behavior, while Moffitt's Developmental Theory highlights the characteristics of the child, particularly distinguishing between life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited offenders.

Question 3

Waaktaar et al. (2004) conducted a study to explore how resilience or protective factors could be used to help at risk youths. The researchers targeted four resilience factors for therapeutic intervention. What were these four factors?
A) Positive family relations, self-esteem, creativity, and interpersonal skills
B) Positive peer relations, self-efficacy, creativity, and coherence
C) Positive family relations, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and coherence
D) Positive peer relations, creativity, self-esteem, and academic skills
E) Positive peer relations, academic skills, positive family relations and self-esteem

Accepted Answer

The answer of Waaktaar et al. (2004) conducted a study...

Question 4

The traditional form of treatment where youths are incarcerated for extended periods of time and often until they reach adulthood is known as:
A) residential treatment.
B) the training school.
C) the rehabilitation center.
D) all the above.
E) none of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The traditional form of treatment where youths...

Question 5

The adolescent-limited delinquent is most likely to be involved in offenses that symbolize adult privilege.

Accepted Answer

According to Moffitt's theory of life-course persistent and adolescent-limited delinquency, adolescent-limited delinquents are more likely to engage in offenses that symbolize adult privilege, such as underage drinking, drug use, and minor property offenses. This is in contrast to life-course persistent delinquents who engage in more serious and violent offenses from a young age and continue to do so into adulthood.

Question 6

Juveniles as a group are responsible for a small percentage of arrests compared with adults, although they are arrested disproportionately compared with other age groups.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the FBI, juveniles (under 18) account for about 10% of all arrests, while adults (18 and over) account for about 90%. However, juveniles are arrested at a disproportionately higher rate compared to other age groups within their population.

Question 7

Briefly describe the three categories of prevention and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe the three categories of prevention...

Question 8

There is good evidence that most serious, persistent delinquency and crime patterns usually begin early and worsen with age.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that most serious, persistent delinquency and crime patterns tend to start in childhood or adolescence and escalate over time, becoming more frequent and severe as individuals age. This is known as the age-crime curve.

Question 9

_____ is the stage of development described in Moffitt's 2002 follow-up study in which young people flounder, choosing not to occupy traditional adult roles such as marriage or parenthood.
A) Advanced life-course persistent
B) Adolescent extension
C) Early onset persistent delinquent
D) Delayed maturity
E) Emerging adulthood

Accepted Answer

Moffitt's study describes the stage of delayed maturity as "emerging adulthood." This is in contrast to advanced life-course persistent, which refers to individuals who continue to engage in delinquent behavior throughout their lives, and early onset persistent delinquent, which refers to those who begin engaging in delinquent behavior at a young age and continue into adulthood. Adolescent extension is not a term used in Moffitt's study.

Question 10

The most frequent diagnosis for children who commit acts of violence against other children is antisocial personality disorder .

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Antisocial personality disorder is a diagnosis typically reserved for adults, as it involves persistent patterns of disregard for others' rights and violating social norms. Children who commit acts of violence against other children may have a range of diagnoses, including conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder. However, it is important to note that not all children who exhibit violent behavior have a diagnosed mental health condition.

Question 11

In studies examining gender differences and juvenile crime, recent research has shown that the gender gap for drug and violent offenses is getting smaller.

Accepted Answer

Recent research has indeed shown that the gender gap for drug and violent offenses is getting smaller.

Question 12

Define (1) legal delinquency, (2) social delinquency, and (3) psychological delinquency.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define (1) legal delinquency, (2) social delinquency,...

Question 13

Secure institutional treatment of juveniles who have committed serious offenses is known as _____ intervention.
A) detention
B) restrictive
C) RNR
D) supplemental
E) tertiary

Accepted Answer

Secure institutional treatment of juveniles who have committed serious offenses is known as restrictive intervention. This type of intervention is used when juveniles present a significant threat to themselves or others and require close monitoring and restricted movement. It may involve placement in a juvenile detention center or other secure facility for a period of time to ensure that they receive proper treatment and supervision.

Question 14

Under federal law, juveniles may be prosecuted under the criminal law at age 15.

Accepted Answer

Under federal law, juveniles may be prosecuted under the criminal law at age 15. However, states may have different laws regarding the age at which juveniles can be prosecuted as adults.

Question 15

Children with callous-unemotional traits lack empathic concern for others.

Accepted Answer

Callous-unemotional traits are characterized by a lack of empathy and disregard for the feelings of others. Children with these traits have difficulty expressing concern for others and may even engage in behavior that intentionally harms others without feeling any remorse or guilt.

Question 16

Female delinquency has steadily decreased since 1995.

Accepted Answer

Female delinquency rates have not steadily decreased since 1995; instead, they have shown fluctuations, with periods of increase and decrease, and in some contexts, the rates have increased or remained stable rather than steadily declining.

Question 17

The Girls Study Group found that girls fight more frequently at home with parents than do boys.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true as per the research findings of the Girls Study Group.

Question 18

Scott Henggeler and his colleagues have designed a treatment approach for serious juvenile offenders that is responsive to many of the social systems influencing the child's delinquent behavior. This treatment approach is called:
A) multisystemic therapy.
B) restrictive intervention.
C) Gestalt therapy.
D) rehabilitative intervention.
E) a and c.

Accepted Answer

Scott Henggeler and his colleagues have designed a treatment approach for serious juvenile offenders that is responsive to many of the social systems influencing the child's delinquent behavior, which is called multisystemic therapy.

Question 19

A school curriculum designed to promote self-esteem, self-efficacy, and improved problem-solving skills in inner-city fourth-grade Black children through a culturally based curriculum is known as Project:
A) GAIN.
B) Culture.
C) Attainment.
D) SELF.
E) Green Light.

Accepted Answer

The project designed to promote self-esteem, self-efficacy, and improved problem-solving skills in inner-city fourth-grade Black children through a culturally based curriculum is known as Project SELF.

Question 20

We know far too little about girls' crime, the reasons it is committed, and the social and developmental factors that precipitate it.

Accepted Answer

Research on girls' involvement in crime is limited and there is a lack of understanding of the underlying reasons and contributing factors.

Quiz 6: Juvenile Delinquency

A system of "shock incarceration," which is designed to be an intensively structured, short-term alternative to prison, is also known as:

Patterson's Coercion Developmental Theory places more emphasis on _, whereas Moffit's Developmental Theory emphasizes _.

Waaktaar et al. (2004) conducted a study to explore how resilience or protective factors could be used to help at risk youths. The researchers targeted four resilience factors for therapeutic intervention. What were these four factors?

The traditional form of treatment where youths are incarcerated for extended periods of time and often until they reach adulthood is known as: