Question 1

Dr.Braunz has been treating a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.She decides to write a prescription for Ritalin.Given this information,it is most likely that Dr.Braunz is a:

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrists are medical doctors who can diagnose and treat mental illnesses using medication, like Ritalin, to manage symptoms of disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Question 2

Who claimed that behaviour is affected by positive reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement is a concept developed by B.F. Skinner, who believed that behavior can be shaped and reinforced through rewards and punishments. He argued that positive reinforcement is a more effective way of modifying behavior than punishment or negative reinforcement.

Question 3

Professor Beverly approaches questions about human behaviour from a biological basis,emphasizing body processes and functioning,neurochemicals,hormones,etc.It is most likely that she believes in a _______________ psychology approach.

Accepted Answer

Professor Beverly's emphasis on body processes, neurochemicals, and hormones suggests a biopsychological approach that considers the physical and genetic factors that shape human behavior. The other options (learning, cognitive, and sociocultural) are more focused on environmental, mental, and cultural factors, respectively.

Question 4

John B.Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of:

Accepted Answer

John B. Watson is famously associated with the Behaviourist movement in psychology, which emphasized the study of observable behaviours rather than mental processes or consciousness. Therefore, Watson would believe that psychology should involve the study of behaviour, making choice A) the best option.

Question 5

Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization, emphasizing the individual's innate capacity for personal growth and self-directed change. Humanistic psychologists believe that individuals are capable of making choices and shaping their own destinies, and that humans have an inherent drive towards self-actualization – the realization of one's full potential. This perspective is often contrasted with more deterministic views found in other schools of psychology, such as psychoanalysis and behaviorism. The cognitive perspective, while also focused on human behavior and mental processes, is more concerned with how individuals process and interpret information than with free will and self-actualization specifically.

Question 6

Which pair of scientists shared the most similar views of behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson are both behaviorists who believed in the importance of environmental factors in shaping behavior, as opposed to innate or inherited factors. They both conducted experiments on animals to study classical conditioning and believed that behavior could be shaped through rewards and punishments.

Question 7

Suppose you were a graduate student studying for a PhD in psychology in the 1920s.Your advisor was strongly influenced by John B.Watson.Which of the following might your advisor consider an acceptable choice for your research?

Accepted Answer

John B. Watson was a behaviorist who believed that behavior is shaped by the environment through conditioning. Therefore, an analysis of how specific behaviors are acquired would be an acceptable choice for research under his influence. Choices A, C, and D do not align with Watson's behaviorist perspective.

Question 8

Which perspective assumes that human behaviour may have developed in certain directions because it served a useful function in preserving the species?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology is the perspective that assumes that human behavior may have developed in certain directions because it served a useful function in preserving the species through the process of natural selection. This perspective emphasizes that the human mind and behavior have evolved and adapted over time in response to environmental pressures and challenges.

Question 9

Modern psychodynamic therapy differs from Freud's original model in that today there is less emphasis on:

Accepted Answer

Modern psychodynamic therapy still emphasizes the unconscious mind and early life experiences, but there is less emphasis on sexual motivations. Instead, therapists tend to focus more on emotional conflicts and psychological defenses. The goal is still to help clients develop a better sense of self, but this is accomplished through a more holistic approach that incorporates conscious and unconscious processes, as well as social and cultural factors.

Question 10

One of the reasons psychodynamic theories have persisted over the years is that they are:

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic theories are difficult to scientifically test because they often rely on unconscious processes and subjective interpretations. Therefore, they are not easily disproven with empirical evidence, allowing them to persist over time.

Question 11

In the mid-1900s,psychoanalytical and behavioural approaches had taken hold in the field of psychology.In time,a new demand for an approach that recognizes a person's ability to determine their own destiny developed; this "movement" has been referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

The term "third force" refers to the humanistic approach, which emerged in the mid-20th century. It emphasized individuals' potential for personal growth, self-determination, and self-realization, and rejected the deterministic views of psychoanalytical and behavioural approaches.

Question 12

Dr.Mosher is a psychologist who tries to understand how people select their mates.Her interests fit with the ________________ model.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Mosher’s interest in understanding how people select their mates aligns with the evolutionary psychology model. This model focuses on how evolution has shaped human behavior, including mate selection, in ways that maximize reproductive success.

Question 13

You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as free will,human nature,and self-actualization.Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the concepts the psychologist presented?

Accepted Answer

The concepts of free will, human nature, and self-actualization are core ideas in humanistic psychology, which emphasizes individual potential, personal growth, and the inherent goodness of people.

Question 14

Professor Wenches approaches questions about human behaviour from a perspective that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual,such as inner forces or conflicts.It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic approach emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces or conflicts, which aligns with Professor Wenches' perspective. The other options do not focus specifically on unconscious dynamics within the individual.

Question 15

Which prominent Canadian psychologist may have knowingly or unknowingly worked for the CIA as a result of his research on sensory deprivation?

Accepted Answer

Donald Hebb is the prominent Canadian psychologist who may have knowingly or unknowingly worked for the CIA as a result of his research on sensory deprivation. Hebb's research on sensory deprivation caught the attention of the CIA during the Cold War, who were interested in developing new interrogation techniques. While there is no conclusive evidence that Hebb directly worked for the CIA, there are suspicions that his research was used in CIA experiments on sensory deprivation.

Question 16

Self-actualization is a concept associated with the _________ psychology model.

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization is a key concept of humanistic psychology, which focuses on individual potential and personal growth. The other options (behaviourism, psychodynamic, and biopsychological) do not emphasize the importance of self-discovery and individual growth as much as humanistic psychology does.

Question 17

What advice might John B.Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?

Accepted Answer

John B. Watson is known as the father of behaviorism, which emphasizes the study of observable behavior rather than internal mental states. Therefore, it is likely that he would advise psychologists of his time to focus on observable behavior as well.

Question 18

If you are interested in how patterns,beliefs,and customs influence behaviour,you are interested in the __________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective focuses on how societal norms, values, beliefs, and customs influence behavior. It considers how cultural practices and expectations may shape an individual's thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Question 19

Freud said phobias were ____________ whereas Watson said phobias were __________.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that phobias were a manifestation of repressed conflicts, often stemming from early childhood experiences. On the other hand, John B. Watson, a behaviorist, argued that phobias were learned through experiences, particularly through classical conditioning, as demonstrated in his famous Little Albert experiment.

Question 20

In the early part of the past century,psychologists who broke down thought processes into their basic elements and analyzed them were called structuralists.What term might we use to describe psychologists with similar interests today?

Accepted Answer

The term "structuralism" is no longer used much in modern psychology. However, psychologists who are interested in breaking down mental processes and analyzing them are often known as cognitive psychologists today. They study thought processes such as perception, attention, language, memory, and problem-solving.

Quiz 1: The Science of Psychology