Question 1

When members of a cult are trying to enlist a new recruit,they start by asking the recruit to make a small commitment,such as attending a short meeting or helping out at a social function.Then the commitments get more involved,such as staying for a longer period of time and eventually contributing major donations of money and moving in with the cult members.This is most like which of the following techniques?

Accepted Answer

The foot-in-the-door technique involves starting with a small request and gradually escalating to larger requests. This is exactly what the cult members are doing when they start by asking for a small commitment and then gradually escalate to more involved commitments. The other techniques listed - door-in-the-face, lowball, and that's-not-all - do not involve this gradual escalation of requests.

Question 2

The fact that it is easier to recall items at the beginning and end of a list of unrelated items is known as the:

Accepted Answer

The fact that items at the beginning and end of a list are easier to recall is known as the serial position effect. The primacy effect specifically refers to better recall of items at the beginning of a list, while the recency effect refers to better recall of items at the end of a list. The curve of forgetting refers to the idea that forgetting occurs rapidly in the first few hours after learning something, but then levels off over time.

Question 3

Which technique is widely used by therapists to help clients recover lost childhood memories?

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis is a widely used technique by therapists to help clients recover lost childhood memories. During a hypnotic state, clients are able to access deep-seated memories that may be repressed or forgotten. While some controversy surrounds the use of hypnosis for memory retrieval, many therapists use it as a tool for helping clients process past traumas and gain insight into their current emotional struggles. Play therapy, art therapy, and music therapy may also be helpful for clients, but they are not typically used as a primary method for recovering lost memories.

Question 4

Which of the following has been shown to be true concerning the "teachers" in Milgram's experiment?

Accepted Answer

Most of the "teachers" in Milgram's experiment were ordinary people, and only a small percentage expressed regret about participating, as the experiment was designed to show how ordinary people could follow orders to inflict harm.

Question 5

Alex,who is in the honours program,failed to do his share of the work on a group project with his four classmates.Alex was most likely engaging in social:

Accepted Answer

Social loafing refers to the tendency for individuals to put forth less effort in a group setting compared to when working alone. In this scenario, Alex failed to do his share of the work on a group project, indicating that he may have been engaging in social loafing. Social facilitation refers to the tendency for individuals to perform better when others are watching, impairment refers to a decrease in performance due to the presence of others, and influencing refers to the process of attempting to change someone's attitudes or behaviors. None of these options accurately describe Alex's behavior in this scenario.

Question 6

Physical attractiveness is most involved in which of the following aspects of persuasion?

Accepted Answer

Physical attractiveness falls under the category of source factors in persuasion, as it pertains to the characteristics of the person delivering the message. The other options are not related to physical attractiveness.

Question 7

Which of the following represents the cognitive component of an attitude?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive component of an attitude refers to the beliefs or thoughts someone has about a particular object or issue. In this case, the statement "Italian food is the best of the European cuisines" reflects a cognitive belief about Italian food. The other statements are either expressions of emotions (A), behavioral intentions (B), or actions (D).

Question 8

Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called:

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered, such as where you were and what you were doing when you heard about a major world event, like the 9/11 attacks or the assassination of a national leader. These memories are thought to be more emotional and therefore retained more vividly than other memories.

Question 9

Laboratory studies using the recall of letters and numbers indicate that short-term memory is probably coded:

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is primarily coded verbally, as laboratory studies show that people often use verbal rehearsal to remember letters and numbers.

Question 10

Long-term memory is organized in the form of semantic networks,or nodes of related information spreading out from a central piece of knowledge,according to the work of:

Accepted Answer

Collins is the psychologist who developed the concept of semantic networks to explain how long-term memory is organized.

Question 11

____________ is defined as an active system that receives information from the senses,organizes and alters information as it stores it away,and then retrieves the information from storage.

Accepted Answer

The definition provided fits the broadest concept of memory, which includes both short-term and long-term memory as well as the processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval. Working memory and episodic memory are more specific types or subcomponents of memory.

Question 12

_____________ memory is constantly updated.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory refers to memories of our personal experiences, including the time and place they occurred. It is constantly updated as we experience new events and make new memories, unlike procedural and semantic memory which are more stable and less likely to change over time. Declarative memory includes both semantic and episodic memory, but semantic memory is less likely to be constantly updated as it encompasses general knowledge and facts about the world.

Question 13

In groupthink,members of the group:

Accepted Answer

In groupthink, members often develop an illusion of invulnerability, which leads them to believe that their decisions are always correct and that they cannot fail. This can lead to group members making risky decisions without thinking them through or considering alternative options.

Question 14

"I didn't like the sermon at all today.It was too long,and that preacher wasn't dressed up enough" would be an example of which type of processing?

Accepted Answer

This statement mainly focuses on peripheral factors such as the length of the sermon and the preacher's attire, rather than the content of the sermon itself. Therefore, this is an example of peripheral-route processing, where someone is swayed by these peripheral cues instead of evaluating the argument or information presented in a more central way.

Question 15

A person's conformity in a situation like the Asch line study is most likely to be strongest when:

Accepted Answer

Conformity tends to be stronger in collectivist cultures like Hong Kong, where group harmony and consensus are highly valued, compared to individualistic cultures like Canada.

Question 16

Lilly's mother always listens to the classic rock station on her car radio,so Lilly has grown up hearing that music and noticing how much her mother enjoys it.Now Lilly says that classic rock is her favourite music too.Lilly's attitude toward classic rock was most likely acquired through:

Accepted Answer

Lilly's attitude towards classic rock was acquired through vicarious conditioning, as she observed her mother's enjoyment of the music and developed a preference for it herself.

Question 17

A display of 12 letters is flashed on a screen in front of you followed by a tone.You attempt to recall a portion of the display based on the specific tone you heard.What aspect of your memory is this experiment designed to assess?

Accepted Answer

This experiment is designed to assess sensory memory, specifically iconic memory, which is the brief retention of visual information. The tone serves as a cue to recall a specific part of the visual display, demonstrating the capacity and duration of sensory memory.

Question 18

In the curve of forgetting developed by Ebbinghaus,the greatest amount of forgetting occurs:

Accepted Answer

Ebbinghaus's curve of forgetting shows that the most significant drop in memory retention occurs within the first hour after learning new material.

Question 19

It's Thanksgiving and the whole family has gotten together.You start to reminisce about your childhood and get into an argument with your brother.Both of you claim that you were the innocent victim of the other.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of It's Thanksgiving and the whole family has...

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the elements of effective persuasion?

Accepted Answer

While having supporters can certainly enhance persuasive efforts, it is not considered one of the essential elements of effective persuasion. The other options listed - the source or communicator, characteristics of the message, and characteristics of the audience - are all crucial factors in successful persuasion.

Quiz 12: Social Psychology