Question 1

Sometimes in order to study parts of an animal's brain,researchers may deliberately damage a part of the brain.They accomplish this by placing into the brain a thin,insulated wire through which they send an electrical current that destroys the brain cells at the tip of the wire.This name of this technique is:

Accepted Answer

Deep lesioning involves deliberately damaging a part of the brain by sending an electrical current through a wire to destroy the brain cells at the tip of the wire. ESB (electrical stimulation of the brain) involves sending an electrical current to stimulate rather than damage brain cells. EEG (electroencephalography) involves measuring electrical activity in the brain rather than damaging it. Lobotomy involves removing or damaging a larger portion of the brain rather than a specific area.

Question 2

Which component of the nervous system mobilizes the body in times of stress?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for mobilizing the body in times of stress or danger, activating the fight or flight response. This includes increasing heart rate, dilating the pupils, and releasing adrenaline. The central nervous system is responsible for coordinating and processing information, while the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements. The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for calming the body down after a stressful event.

Question 3

Which equipment is used to monitor brain waves?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalograph (EEG) is the equipment used to monitor brain waves by measuring the electrical activity in the brain. CT scans, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and PET scans are imaging techniques that provide a different type of information about the brain.

Question 4

Which of the following is a machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the surface of the brain?

Accepted Answer

EEG (electroencephalogram) is a machine that records the electrical activity of the brain through electrode sensors attached to the scalp. This machine is primarily used to diagnose various neurological conditions, including epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain injuries.

Question 5

Small metal disks pasted onto Miranda's scalp are connected by wire to a machine that translates the electrical energy from her brain into wavy lines on a moving piece of paper.From this description,it is evident that Miranda's brain is being studied through the use of a/an:

Accepted Answer

The description matches the use of an electroencephalogram (EEG), which involves placing electrodes on the scalp to record the electrical activity of the brain. The wavy lines on the paper indicate the brain's electrical activity, which is what an EEG measures. CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans use different technologies to create images of the brain, and do not involve recording electrical activity.

Question 6

The part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal is called the ______________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which is activated in response to stress or perceived danger. It triggers increased heart rate, respiration, and other bodily responses to prepare the body for action.

Question 7

As Molly is walking across campus,a car swerves toward her.Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm's way.This mobilization of energy is due to the action of Molly's ______________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight or flight response in times of stress or danger. It triggers the release of adrenaline and other hormones, increasing heart rate and blood pressure and preparing the body for action. This response is what causes Molly's heart to race and sweat to break out as she avoids the approaching car.

Question 8

A brain-imaging method that takes computer-controlled X-rays of the brain is called:

Accepted Answer

The brain-imaging method that takes computer-controlled X-rays of the brain is called computerized axial tomography (CT). EEG measures electrical activity in the brain, MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves, and PET uses radioactive tracers to measure brain activity.

Question 9

Rashad is in the hospital and is about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves placing him inside a magnetic field so that a computer can create three-dimensional images of his brain.What procedure is he about to undergo?

Accepted Answer

Rashad is about to undergo a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedure, which involves using a magnetic field to create detailed three-dimensional images of the brain.

Question 10

Which of the following is a brain-imaging method in which radioactive sugar is injected into the subject and a computer compiles a colour-coded image of the activity of the brain,with lighter colours indicating more activity?

Accepted Answer

The brain-imaging method described is positron-emission tomography (PET). PET involves injecting a radioactive substance, such as sugar, into the subject and measuring the emissions of gamma rays from the decaying isotopes in the brain. A computer compiles a color-coded image of the activity of the brain, with lighter colors indicating more activity. EEG measures electrical activity in the brain, CT uses X-rays to create detailed images of the brain, and fMRI uses magnetic fields to measure changes in blood flow in the brain.

Question 11

Ali is in the hospital about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves taking many X-rays from different angles aided by the use of a computer.What type of imaging technique is being used?

Accepted Answer

The description given indicates that the imaging technique being used is a computerized axial tomography (CT) scan, in which multiple X-rays are taken from different angles and combined to create a detailed 3D image of the brain. EEG records electrical activity in the brain, MRI uses magnetic fields to create detailed images, and PET uses a radioactive tracer to measure brain activity.

Question 12

Insertion into the brain of a thin,insulated wire through which is sent an electrical current that stimulates the brain cells at the tip of the wire is called:

Accepted Answer

The described procedure is known as ESB (Electrical Stimulation of the Brain). Deep lesioning involves destroying a specific area of the brain with a surgical lesion, whereas shallow lesioning involves damaging the surface of the brain. An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures electrical activity in the brain but does not involve inserting a wire into the brain.

Question 13

Canadian Dr.Wilder Penfield is known for developing the ____________ as a result of his effort to treat patients suffering with epilepsy.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Wilder Penfield developed the Montréal procedure, also known as the Montreal procedure for the surgical treatment of epilepsy. The Montréal procedure involved the surgical removal of the epileptic focus, identified by stimulating various parts of the brain with an electrode, during which the patient was awake and conscious. This helped to reduce the occurrence and severity of seizures in patients with epilepsy. Dr. Penfield's work also contributed to the development of the field of neurosurgery.

Question 14

The autonomic nervous system has two divisions called the ______ and the __________.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two branches called the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic division prepares the body for "fight or flight" response in response to stress while the parasympathetic division promotes calm and relaxation.

Question 15

Malcolm is studying alone in his room late at night when he hears a loud noise downstairs.His heartbeat increases significantly and his breathing becomes shallow.He wonders if a burglar has entered the house and decides to investigate.When he gets downstairs he discovers his cat has knocked over a plant stand.His body begins to relax and return to normal.Which part of his nervous system is responsible for returning Malcolm to a normal state?

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for slowing down the body's response to stress and returning it to a state of relaxation. In this scenario, Malcolm's body responds with a fight or flight response, which is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. However, when he discovers that there is no real danger, his body returns to normal through the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 16

Canadian Dr.Wilder Penfield unlocked many mysteries of the brain.Which disease/disorder experienced the most help as a result of Penfield's work?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Wilder Penfield's work on the brain, specifically his experiments on epilepsy, led to the development of surgical techniques that have helped many epilepsy patients. His work helped map out different parts of the brain and their functions, which helped surgeons identify and remove the specific part of the brain causing the seizures in patients with epilepsy.

Question 17

A brain-imaging method using radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain is called:

Accepted Answer

The brain-imaging method described in the question, which uses radio waves and magnetic fields to produce detailed images of the brain, is called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Option A (electroencephalography) uses electrodes placed on the scalp to record brain waves, option C (positron-emission tomography) uses a radioactive tracer to measure brain activity, and option D (computerized axial tomography) uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the brain.

Question 18

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that restores the body to normal functioning after arousal and is responsible for day-to-day functioning of the organs and glands is called the _________________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for day-to-day functioning of the organs and glands and restores the body to normal functioning after arousal. Therefore, option D is the correct choice. Option A is incorrect as the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. Option B is incorrect as the peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. Option C is incorrect as the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight or flight response, preparing it for action or stress.

Question 19

A researcher wants to obtain a "movie" of changes in the activity of the brain using images from different time periods.Which of these would be the best choice for this researcher?

Accepted Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the best choice for obtaining a "movie" of changes in the activity of the brain using images from different time periods. fMRI measures changes in blood oxygenation in response to neural activity, allowing for the visualization of changes in brain activity over time. EEG measures electrical activity in the brain, CT produces detailed images but does not show activity, and PET measures metabolic activity rather than changes in activity over time.

Question 20

A researcher is performing "deep lesioning" on the brains of animal research subjects.Which of the following statements is not true about the procedure?

Accepted Answer

Deep lesioning involves destroying cells in specific areas of the brain to observe the effects on the animal's behavior and abilities, not stimulating areas of the brain.

Quiz 2: The Biological Perspective