Question 1

Which psychological test asks the subject to tell a story based on a picture of one or more people in which it is unclear what is going on?
A)Rorschach test
B)Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
C)California Psychological Inventory (CPI)
D)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective psychological test that uses ambiguous pictures to elicit stories that reveal aspects of the subject's personality, thought processes, and values. The pictures typically depict one or more people in a social situation, and the subject is asked to tell a story about what is happening, what led up to the situation, and what the characters may be thinking or feeling. The ambiguity of the picture allows the subject to project their own experiences and emotions onto the story, revealing unconscious motivations and conflicts.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is a claim often made by critics of projective testing?
A)The interpretation of projective tests is too subjective.
B)These tests are effective in predicting job performance.
C)People try to answer questions in ways that make them look better than they are.
D)These tests create anxiety in those being tested.

Accepted Answer

Critics of projective testing often argue that the interpretation of the results is too subjective and can vary significantly depending on the evaluator.

Question 3

Direct observation is most like:
A)case studies.
B)naturalistic observation.
C)experimental methods.
D)correlation.

Accepted Answer

Direct observation is most like naturalistic observation, where researchers observe and record behavior in a natural setting without any intervention or manipulation of variables. Case studies involve in-depth examination of one individual or a small group, experimental methods involve manipulation of variables, and correlation is a measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables.

Question 4

Karesh is from India and really cares about others' welfare.His wife is Chinese and he is known for the fact that he does not adhere to strict rules and regulations.He is tolerant of others and plans to become a social worker.According to Hofstede,what type of cultural personality would Karesh be?
A)highly individualistic
B)low in uncertainty avoidance
C)highly masculine
D)feminine

Accepted Answer

Karesh's tolerance of others and plans to become a social worker suggest that he is low in uncertainty avoidance. This means he is comfortable with ambiguity and is less likely to be rigid in adhering to rules and regulations. Hofstede's cultural dimension of uncertainty avoidance measures a society's tolerance for uncertainty, ambiguity, and change. A low score on this dimension indicates a culture that is more accepting of risk-taking and flexible in its approach to rules and norms. The other cultural dimensions (individualism, masculinity, and femininity) are not directly relevant to Karesh's traits and behaviors as described in the scenario.

Question 5

Which personality test relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality?
A)MMPI
B)16PF
C)TAT
D)Rorschach

Accepted Answer

The Rorschach test is the personality test that relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality. The other options are different types of personality tests, but do not use inkblots for interpretation.

Question 6

Freud's refusal to believe his patients who said they were sexually molested as children is an example of:
A)the horn effect.
B)unconscious motives.
C)interviewer bias.
D)the halo effect.

Accepted Answer

Freud's refusal to believe his patients who reported sexual abuse is an example of interviewer bias, as he was interpreting their reports through the lens of his own theoretical framework and assumptions about human psychology, rather than accepting their experiences at face value.

Question 7

When assessing personality,many psychologists take the eclectic view,which means they:
A)use only one specific approach.
B)use a variety of approaches.
C)focus on behaviour.
D)focus on unconscious motives.

Accepted Answer

The eclectic view when assessing personality means that a variety of approaches are used. This allows for more comprehensive and nuanced evaluations of an individual's personality rather than relying on a single approach which may not capture all aspects of their personality.

Question 8

Tony has devised a test in which people look at clouds and talk about what they see.What type of test would psychologists call this?
A)dynamic
B)projective
C)objective
D)predictive

Accepted Answer

This is a projective test, where individuals are presented with ambiguous stimuli (in this case, clouds) and asked to provide their interpretation. This allows psychologists to learn about the individual's underlying thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.

Question 9

Ron often sees the shapes of animals in the clouds,and he tells his children stories about what the animals are doing.In psychological terms,what Ron is doing is most similar to:
A)hallucinating.
B)taking a projective test.
C)having delusions.
D)taking an objective test.

Accepted Answer

Ron is engaging in a projection test by seeing shapes of animals in the clouds and creating stories around them. A projective test is a psychological tool used to assess personality traits and mental health by presenting individuals with ambiguous stimuli and asking them to interpret or respond to it, such as the Rorschach inkblot test or the Thematic Apperception Test. Hallucinations refer to perceiving sensory experiences without external stimuli, delusions are firmly held false beliefs, and objective tests are structured measures of personality or behavior that have clear correct or incorrect answers.

Question 10

A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect:
A)current events.
B)daydreaming themes.
C)maladaptive patterns of behaviour.
D)unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Accepted Answer

Projective tests, such as the Rorschach inkblot test or the Thematic Apperception Test, are used to reveal a person's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and motivations. The ambiguous stimuli of these tests prompts the person to project their underlying thoughts and emotions onto the test. Therefore, the responses are thought to reflect the person's unconscious experiences rather than current events or daydreaming themes. Maladaptive patterns of behavior may come to light through the interpretations of the responses, but they are not the primary focus of projective testing.

Question 11

When Anna looks at some modern artwork at the museum,she often thinks she sees human figures or faces and likes to make up stories about them.When she tells the stories to her friend,her friend says that the stories reflect Anna's unconscious thoughts.In psychological terms,what Anna does is most similar to:
A)classical conditioning.
B)a projective test.
C)behaviour sampling.
D)an objective test.

Accepted Answer

Anna's interpretation of the artwork and the stories she creates reflect her subjective perceptions, experiences, and emotions, which are attributes of projective tests. Projective tests involve presenting ambiguous stimuli such as inkblots or pictures to the participant and asking them to respond with their interpretations, feelings, or thoughts. This helps reveal unconscious or buried aspects of the participant and is often used in personality assessments. Classical conditioning, behavior sampling, and objective tests are not relevant to this situation.

Question 12

What is one criticism of projective tests?
A)They are inappropriate for use with children.
B)They are too simple in their administration and scoring.
C)They have low validity and reliability.
D)They fail to take into account differences in the testing environments.

Accepted Answer

One criticism of projective tests is that they have low validity and reliability. This means that the results of the test may not accurately measure what they are intended to measure and may not be consistent over time.

Question 13

The tendency to form a favourable impression of someone at the first meeting is called the:
A)bias effect.
B)interview bias.
C)halo effect.
D)subject bias effect.

Accepted Answer

The tendency to form a favourable impression of someone at the first meeting is called the halo effect. This term is used in psychology to describe the way people tend to give more weight to the initial information they receive about an individual, even if it's superficial or unrelated to their actual qualities. It is called the halo effect because it creates a glowing "halo" around a person's perceived positive attributes, making it harder to see their flaws or negative traits.

Question 14

Mei is Chinese American.She is very loyal to her family.Her sister lives with her,and she mails money back to China to her father and younger brother.Mei's way of life is typical of someone who comes from a culture that is:
A)collectivistic.
B)low in power distance.
C)feminine.
D)low in uncertainty avoidance.

Accepted Answer

Mei's loyalty to her family and her sending money back to China indicate that she comes from a collectivistic culture, which values the group over the individual.

Question 15

Interviews that flow naturally from the beginning comments between the client and the psychologist are referred to as:
A)semi-structured.
B)structured.
C)behavioural assessments.
D)direct observation.

Accepted Answer

Semi-structured interviews are characterized by having a loose structure and allowing for more natural conversation and exploration of topics. This type of interview allows for the client and psychologist to establish rapport and for the client to feel comfortable sharing their experiences and thoughts. In contrast, structured interviews have more specific questions and follow a set format, while behavioral assessments and direct observation involve different methods of observation and data collection.

Question 16

Personality assessments conducted by behaviourists rely primarily on:
A)projective tests.
B)observation.
C)detailed analysis of dreams.
D)interviews.

Accepted Answer

Behaviourists rely primarily on observing an individual's behaviour to assess their personality. This can include direct observation, as well as analysis of past behaviour patterns and situational responses. Projective tests and dream analysis are associated more with psychodynamic approaches, while interviews may be used by different types of psychologists but are not the primary method for behaviourists.

Question 17

Frank and Gina are looking at an abstract painting in a museum.Gina describes objects and people she thinks she sees in the painting.Frank says,"It's a bunch of paint thrown on a canvas." Gina responds,"No,there is so much here that you just don't see." During lunch they agree that their experience reminds them of what concept they learned in introductory psychology?
A)social cognition
B)trait theory
C)projective testing
D)the Big Five

Accepted Answer

Gina's interpretation of the abstract painting, seeing objects and people, and Frank's inability to see beyond the literal paint, resemble projective testing in psychology. Projective tests involve ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or abstract images, where individuals project their own interpretations or feelings, revealing their thoughts, feelings, and personality traits.

Question 18

Which assessment technique requires people to respond to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli?
A)dynamic
B)projective
C)objective
D)predictive

Accepted Answer

Projective assessment techniques require people to respond to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or pictures, in order to gain insights into their personality, emotions, or thought processes. Examples of projective techniques include the Rorschach inkblot test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).

Question 19

All the following are projective tests EXCEPT the:
A)Rorschach test.
B)Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
C)House-Tree-Person Test.
D)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).

Accepted Answer

The MMPI is not a projective test, but rather a self-report inventory. The other options listed are projective tests because they require the individual to interpret ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots (Rorschach test), pictures (TAT), and drawings (House-Tree-Person Test).

Question 20

According to Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality,cultures that are __________ are assertive and competitive.
A)collectivistic
B)masculine
C)high in power distance
D)high in uncertainty avoidance

Accepted Answer

According to Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality, cultures that are high in masculinity value assertiveness, competition, and achievement. Collectivism pertains to valuing the group over the individual, power distance pertains to the acceptance of unequal distribution of power, and uncertainty avoidance pertains to the level of discomfort with ambiguity and uncertainty.

Quiz 11: Theories of Personality

Which psychological test asks the subject to tell a story based on a picture of one or more people in which it is unclear what is going on?

Which of the following statements is a claim often made by critics of projective testing?

Direct observation is most like:

Karesh is from India and really cares about others' welfare.His wife is Chinese and he is known for the fact that he does not adhere to strict rules and regulations.He is tolerant of others and plans to become a social worker.According to Hofstede,what type of cultural personality would Karesh be?

Which personality test relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality?

Freud's refusal to believe his patients who said they were sexually molested as children is an example of:

When assessing personality,many psychologists take the eclectic view,which means they:

Tony has devised a test in which people look at clouds and talk about what they see.What type of test would psychologists call this?

Ron often sees the shapes of animals in the clouds,and he tells his children stories about what the animals are doing.In psychological terms,what Ron is doing is most similar to:

A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect:

What is one criticism of projective tests?

The tendency to form a favourable impression of someone at the first meeting is called the:

Mei is Chinese American.She is very loyal to her family.Her sister lives with her,and she mails money back to China to her father and younger brother.Mei's way of life is typical of someone who comes from a culture that is:

Interviews that flow naturally from the beginning comments between the client and the psychologist are referred to as:

Personality assessments conducted by behaviourists rely primarily on:

Which assessment technique requires people to respond to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli?

All the following are projective tests EXCEPT the:

According to Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality,cultures that are __________ are assertive and competitive.