Question 1

Beliefs about how males and females differ in personality traits,interests,and behaviours are referred to as gender

Accepted Answer

Gender stereotypes are beliefs about how males and females differ in personality traits, interests, and behaviors. A is incorrect because constancy refers to a concept in cognitive development that involves understanding that object properties remain the same even if their appearance changes. C is incorrect because schemas refer to mental frameworks that organize and interpret information. D is incorrect because identity pertains to one's sense of self and how they see themselves in relation to societal and cultural factors.

Question 2

Which of the following is an expressive trait?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

Most children have acquired extensive knowledge of gender-stereotyped activities by age

Accepted Answer

According to research, most children have acquired extensive knowledge of gender-stereotyped activities by the age of 4. This includes understanding societal expectations of gender roles and associating certain activities, toys, and behaviors with specific genders.

Question 4

Who has a trait that is considered characteristically male in North America (and many other parts of the world)?

Accepted Answer

Aggressiveness is often considered a trait that is characteristically male in North America and many other parts of the world. While the other traits listed are not necessarily gendered, aggressiveness is commonly associated with masculinity.

Question 5

Traits associated with male stereotypes are called ________ whereas traits associated with female stereotypes are referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

Traits associated with male stereotypes are called instrumental, focusing on task and goal orientation, whereas traits associated with female stereotypes are referred to as expressive, emphasizing emotion and relationships.

Question 6

Instrumental traits

Accepted Answer

Instrumental traits describe individuals who act on the world and influence it, such as being assertive, competitive, and goal-oriented. Emotional and creative traits are considered expressive traits, which are associated with femininity. Valuing interpersonal relationships is a personality trait known as agreeableness.

Question 7

Children

Accepted Answer

As children get older,they are more likely to ignore gender stereotypes when judging others.They learn that gender stereotypes do not always apply.

Question 8

According to Bob,all women are emotional and gentle.Bob's beliefs about women

Accepted Answer

Bob's beliefs about women reflect gender stereotypes, which are oversimplified and generalized assumptions about groups of people based on their gender. It is not accurate to say that all women are emotional and gentle, as there is great diversity among individuals of any gender. Moreover, many women possess instrumental traits such as leadership skills, assertiveness, and analytical thinking, among others.

Question 9

Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) summarized results from research studies on

Accepted Answer

Maccoby and Jacklin's 1974 study looked at gender differences, summarizing the results from previous research studies. The other options listed (gender stereotypes, gender identity, influence of television) were not the focus of their study.

Question 10

Gender stereotypes

Accepted Answer

Gender stereotypes are limiting because they are assumptions made about individuals based on their gender that may not be true. These stereotypes can cause individuals to be judged or treated unfairly based on societal expectations and assumptions about their gender. Gender stereotypes are not based on underlying biological sex differences, and they vary between cultures and regions of the world. While they may sometimes help people make inferences about others, they are not always accurate and can perpetuate harmful biases and prejudices.

Question 11

Expressive traits

Accepted Answer

Expressive traits typically relate to valuing interpersonal relationships, emotions, and communication. These traits are often associated with females and can include empathy, nurturing, and sensitivity.

Answer: B)
 Instrumental traits are often used to describe individuals who act on the world and influence it. These traits are more commonly associated with males and can include independence, assertiveness, and competitiveness.

Answer: C)
 Agentic traits are often used to describe individuals who are independent and aggressive. These traits are generally associated with males and can include ambition, self-reliance, and confidence.

Answer: D)
 While certain traits may carry gender associations, they are not inherent to a specific sex. Therefore, expressive traits and agentic traits can be used to describe both males and females.

Question 12

Paula has traits that are typically associated with females in Canada.Paula is most likely to be described as

Accepted Answer

The trait of being emotional is often associated with females in Canadian society. Outspoken, not easily influenced, and self-confident are traits that can be associated with individuals of any gender.

Question 13

Who is likely to have the most extreme gender stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who is likely to have the most...

Question 14

Which of the following is an instrumental trait?

Accepted Answer

Independence is an instrumental trait because it refers to a person's ability to be self-sufficient and self-reliant, which are important qualities for achieving success and reaching goals. Emotionality, kindness, and awareness of others' feelings, on the other hand, are expressive traits that relate to a person's emotional and interpersonal abilities.

Question 15

Cross-cultural studies of gender stereotypes have shown that

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural studies have shown that North Americans, especially Americans, have more extreme gender stereotypes than people in other countries. This could be due to various factors such as cultural values, media influence, and historical gender roles. However, it is important to note that gender stereotypes do vary across cultures and are influenced by cultural norms and beliefs.

Question 16

A ________ is a set of cultural guidelines for how a person should behave.

Accepted Answer

A social role refers to a set of cultural guidelines that dictate how individuals should behave within a given social context or situation. Social roles can vary across different cultures and are often associated with specific gender expectations and stereotypes, but they can also be influenced by age, occupation, and other factors. Gender stereotypes refer to broad generalizations about gender-based characteristics and behaviors, while gender schemas are cognitive frameworks that individuals use to organize and interpret information about gender. Gender labels are descriptive terms that are used to classify individuals based on their gender identity or expression.

Question 17

As children get older,they ________ stereotypes when judging other children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As children get older,they ________ stereotypes when...

Question 18

Eight-year-old Molly and four-year-old Anna were told this story: "Jessie is a five-year-old girl whose best friend is a boy.Jessie likes to play with trucks." They were then asked how much Jessie would like to play with masculine and feminine toys.How would you expect Molly and Anna to reply?

Accepted Answer

Molly, being older, may understand that Jessie can like masculine toys despite being a girl, while Anna, being younger, might still associate toys with traditional gender roles.

Question 19

Maccoby and Jacklin (1974) found that gender differences exist in

Accepted Answer

Maccoby and Jacklin's (1974) comprehensive review of research on gender differences found that there are consistent and reliable differences between males and females in their verbal abilities.

Question 20

Research suggests that,as a typical five-year-old,Megan most likely

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that by the age of five, children like Megan typically have developed a considerable understanding of gender-stereotyped activities, although their understanding is not as nuanced or extensive as that of adults.

Quiz 13: Gender and Development