Question 1

What role did the ulama play in the political,social,and religious development of each of the great Islamic civilizations? How did their roles differ in different Islamic regions? What accounts for these differences?

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Question 2

What were the social and political roles of the ulama in the Islamic world? Compare and contrast these roles with the role of the Catholic Church in the Carolingian period.

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Question 3

What were the conditions that allowed the Islamic world to survive invasions from 945 C.E.on? How did these invasions impact the Islamic world?

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Question 4

The Kingdom of Vijayanagar (1336–1565 C.E.)

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The Kingdom of Vijayanagar, located in present-day Karnataka, was one of India's most lavishly developed cities. It was known for its grand architectural achievements, including the famous Hampi ruins. The kingdom did not reign supreme over Muslim armies and did not control the northern areas of India. It also did not become a center for European colonization of India.

Question 5

What was the origin of Sufism and how did Sufism impact the Islamic world?

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Question 6

What prevented the development of a large empire like the Abbasid Caliphate in the period from 1000-1500? How did the lack of a large empire impact the development of the Islamic world in this period?

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Question 7

During the Muslim infiltration of India from 1000 to 1500,what happened to the other religious traditions which Islam encountered? Most specifically,address the fate of the Jain tradition,Buddhism,and Hinduism.

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Question 8

Why were the Mongols able to defeat the Muslim armies in the thirteenth century? What were the military tactics of the Mongols? How did the large Mongol Empire contribute to the defeat of Muslim control in the heartland?

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Question 9

Describe the political,social and economic conditions in the Islamic heartlands from 945 to 1500.What was the role of the Sunni and Shi'ite sects in this time period? How did the Mongols and the Turks alter the culture in the heartland? Why did Islam survive these outside invasions?

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Question 10

Describe the impact of the Muslim states on Northern India.Why did a unified state collapse in a short period of time? What was the role of the Rajput? Why was Persian the language of the ruling elite?

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Question 11

From the beginning,Muslim leaders faced the problem of ruling an India dominated by an utterly different culture and religion.Discuss the problems of Muslim conquerors.What were their primary obstacles to stable rule and how did they deal with them?

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Question 12

Discuss the cultural developments in Spain from 945-1500.Why were the Berbers important in this movement? Why was Cordoba considered an example of cultural progress? Why were certain Christian and Jewish groups persecuted in this time of great cultural development?

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Question 13

The period from roughly 1000 to 1500 saw the spread of Islam as a lasting religious,cultural,and political force in world history.Where specifically did Islam spread and how was it introduced to these new regions? Why was it successful?

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Question 14

The coming of large numbers of Muslims to the subcontinent led to the emergence of which new language?

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With the arrival of Muslims and the establishment of Mughal Empire, a new language known as Urdu-Hindi emerged in the subcontinent. It was a mixture of Persian, Arabic and local dialects. Urdu is the official language of Pakistan while Hindi is the official language of India.

Question 15

Compare and contrast the political,social,economic,and cultural developments of the Christian West and the Islamic civilizations in the period from 1000-1600.What role did religion play in the relative successes of each of them? Compare and contrast the limitations each faced in political unification.What factor or factors do you think best account for their major differences?

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Question 16

The coming of Islam to India

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The coming of Islam to India contributed to the final elimination of Buddhism as a major religion in the land of its birth. The spread of Islam led to the decline of Buddhism and its eventual disappearance from India. However, the Hindu religion and culture did not disappear, but rather coexisted with Islam and assimilated some of its cultural elements.

Question 17

What was the impact of Timur-i Lang (Tamerlane,Timur the Lame)on the Islamic heartland? What motivated his conquests? Why did the Mongols fail to stop this invasion?

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Quiz 12: The Islamic World, 1000-1500