Question 1

If subjects in the experimental group are administered the treatment in the afternoon while the subjects in the control group participate in the experiment in the morning,the study is said to experience ____________________ error.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If subjects in the experimental group are...

Question 2

An experimental deception that involves a false treatment is called a(n)____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An experimental deception that involves a false...

Question 3

The random assignment of subject and treatments to groups is called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The random assignment of subject and treatments...

Question 4

Which of the following is critical when conducting experimental research because it allows researchers to return subjects to normal?
A)manipulation check
B)cohort analysis
C)debriefing
D)deception

Accepted Answer

Debriefing is the process of informing participants about the true nature of the study after it has been completed. This is critical in experimental research because it allows researchers to address any potential negative effects of the study on the participants and to return them to their normal state.

Question 5

When subjects in an experiment perform differently because they realize that they are participating in an experiment,this is called the ____________________ effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When subjects in an experiment perform differently...

Question 6

When subjects in all experimental groups are exposed to identical conditions except for the differing experimental treatments,we say that ____________________ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When subjects in all experimental groups are...

Question 7

A continuous variable that is expected to show a statistical relationship with the dependent variables is known as a(n)____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A continuous variable that is expected to...

Question 8

When the researcher unintentionally provides the subjects with hints about what he wants them to say in the study,this is an example of a(n)____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the researcher unintentionally provides the subjects...

Question 9

In an experiment,the change in the ____________________ variable is presumed to be the cause of the results.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an experiment,the change in the ____________________...

Question 10

When different interviewers are used in a pretest from those used in the posttest and this produces different results in the study,this is an example of a(n):
A)history effect
B)mortality effect
C)instrumentation effect
D)cohort effect

Accepted Answer

This is an example of an instrumentation effect, where the change in results is due to a change in the measurement tool, in this case the different interviewers used in the pretest and posttest. A history effect refers to external events that may influence the results, a mortality effect refers to loss of participants during the study, and a cohort effect refers to differences in groups based on the time period they were born or grew up in.

Question 11

A ____________________ effect is a nuisance effect occurring when the initial measurement or test alerts or primes subjects in a way that affects their response to the experimental treatments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ____________________ effect is a nuisance effect...

Question 12

When a researcher tries to say that the results of a test market in Indianapolis,Indiana will hold in a national rollout of the new product,this researcher is concerned with:
A)internal validity
B)the repeated measures effect
C)constant error
D)external validity

Accepted Answer

The researcher is concerned with external validity, which refers to the ability to generalize the results of a study to other settings or populations. In this case, the researcher is trying to determine if the results from the test market in Indianapolis can be applied to a national rollout of the product, indicating a concern for external validity.

Question 13

In an experiment,the treatment is administered to the ____________________ group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an experiment,the treatment is administered to...

Question 14

When a research organization conducts a taste test in its offices located in a shopping mall,this is an example of a(n)____________________ experiment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a research organization conducts a taste...

Question 15

When the experimenter's comments influence the subjects' behavior so that they give answers that they think the experimenter wants to hear rather than their true feelings,we say that ____________________ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the experimenter's comments influence the subjects'...

Question 16

When Procter & Gamble conducts a test market for a new shampoo in Kansas City and St.Louis,this is an example of a(n)____________________ experiment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Procter & Gamble conducts a test...

Question 17

Which of the following is a threat to the internal validity of experiment using a repeated measures design?
A)instrumentation effect
B)redundancy effect
C)cohort effect
D)attrition effect

Accepted Answer

In a repeated measures design, the instrumentation effect can threaten internal validity as changes in measurement tools or procedures over time can affect the results.

Question 18

In an experiment,the ____________________ variable is manipulated and its effect is measured on the ____________________ variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an experiment,the ____________________ variable is manipulated...

Question 19

When some subjects exit the experiment before it is completed and this effects the results of the study,this is an example of a(n):
A)mortality effect
B)history effect
C)instrumentation effect
D)confounding effect

Accepted Answer

A mortality effect occurs when participants drop out of a study, which can impact the results by leaving only those who may be more motivated or affected by the treatment.

Question 20

Experimental difference in means between the different levels of any single experimental variable is referred to as a(n)____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Experimental difference in means between the different...

Quiz 11: Experimental Research: An Overview