Question 1

A single element or group of elements that is eligible for selection via the sampling process is called a:

Accepted Answer

A sampling unit is the basic element or group of elements that is eligible for selection through the sampling process. It can be an individual, a household, a school, a store, or any other entity that meets the criteria for inclusion in the sample. Sampling panels are groups of people who have agreed to participate in research studies and are often recruited by research companies. Sampling error refers to the difference between a sample statistic and the true population parameter, while sampling quotas are predetermined proportions of the sample that need to be filled for certain subgroups, such as gender or age, to ensure a representative sample.

Question 2

When a researcher uses students to participate in a study because he has easy access to them,what type of sampling procedure does this represent?

Accepted Answer

This represents a convenience sample, where participants are chosen because they are easily accessible to the researcher.

Question 3

Janet has agreed to participate in surveys online.Every few weeks,she is sent an email requesting her to participate in an online survey.What did Janet do to become involved in these research studies?

Accepted Answer

Janet opted in to become involved in these research studies by agreeing to participate in surveys online.

Question 4

The difference between the sample result and the result of an accurate census is called:

Accepted Answer

The difference between the sample result and the result of an accurate census is due to random sampling error, which occurs due to chance variations in the selection of the sample. It is not predictable or controllable, and can be reduced only by increasing the sample size. Systematic sampling error, on the other hand, occurs due to flaws in the sampling process, such as biased selection of the sample, non-response, or measurement error, and cannot be reduced by increasing the sample size. Primary and secondary sampling errors are not recognized terms in statistical sampling.

Question 5

Which type of error occurs when certain sample elements are excluded or when the entire population is not accurately represented in the sampling frame?

Accepted Answer

Sampling frame error occurs when certain sample elements are excluded or when the entire population is not accurately represented in the sampling frame. Type I error is an error in hypothesis testing where the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true. Statistical error occurs when there is a mistake in the analysis or interpretation of data. List error is a type of sampling error that occurs when the sampling frame is not complete or contains errors. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 6

When a researcher wants to study the members of the American Marketing Association and selects a sample from its membership list,the membership list is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

The membership list serves as a sampling frame, which is a list of all the members of the population from which the sample will be drawn. A reverse directory is a listing of phone numbers and addresses in numerical order rather than alphabetical. A systematic sampling list is a predetermined pattern for selecting members from a population. A census would involve studying the entire population, not just a sample.

Question 7

When a researcher has made the decision to conduct a survey using a sample of the population,the FIRST step in the selection of the sample is to:

Accepted Answer

The first step in selecting a sample is to define the target population, which is the group of people or objects that you want to draw a sample from. This is because the target population will determine the sampling frame, the sample size, and the sampling units. Defining the target population is essential for ensuring that the sample is representative and generalizable to the larger population.

Question 8

One advantage of a convenience sample is that there is no need for a population list.

Accepted Answer

A convenience sample is a non-probability sampling technique where participants are selected based on their availability and willingness to participate. As there is no predetermined population or sampling frame, there is no need for a population list, which can save time and resources. However, this also means the sample may not be representative of the population, and the results may not be generalized to the larger population.

Question 9

Lists of respondents who have agreed to participate in marketing research along with the e-mail contact information for these individuals are called:

Accepted Answer

The term "online panels" refers specifically to lists of individuals who have agreed to participate in marketing research and have provided their email contact information. "Interactive samples" and "e-samples" are not commonly used terms in marketing research, and "perpetual samples" refer to a different type of sample that is continuously updated with new respondents. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 10

Which type of sampling error is primarily due to the nature of a study's design and the correctness of execution?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling error is primarily due to flaws in the study design or execution, such as using biased selection methods or inaccurate measurement tools. Random sampling error is due to chance and cannot be controlled for in the design or execution of a study. Primary and secondary sampling errors are not commonly used terms in sampling error terminology.

Question 11

As sample size ____,random sampling error ____.

Accepted Answer

As sample size increases, random sampling error decreases. This is because a larger sample size reduces the chance of sampling bias and provides a more representative sample of the population.

Question 12

Multistage area sampling is a cluster sampling approach involving multiple steps.

Accepted Answer

Multistage area sampling is a cluster sampling approach that involves several stages or steps, with each stage sampling successively smaller areas or clusters. This approach is generally used when the target population is dispersed across a large geographical region and when it is not possible or feasible to sample the entire population directly. In multistage area sampling, the sampling unit in the first stage is usually a large geographic area, such as a county or municipality, and subsequent stages sample successively smaller areas or clusters until individual respondents are reached.

Question 13

All of the following are stages in the selection of a sample EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Analyzing data is not a stage in the selection of a sample, but rather a stage that follows once a sample has been selected and data has been collected. The other options (selecting a sampling frame, determining sample size, and conducting fieldwork) are all necessary stages in the selection of a sample.

Question 14

An area sample is the most popular type of cluster sample.

Accepted Answer

An area sample is indeed the most popular type of cluster sample, as it involves dividing the population into geographically defined areas and then randomly selecting a subset of those areas to sample from.

Question 15

In stratified sampling a subsample is drawn using judgment sampling within each stratum.

Accepted Answer

Subsamples are drawn using simple random sampling within each stratum.

Question 16

In which type of sampling does every element in the population have a known,nonzero probability of selection?

Accepted Answer

Probability sampling is the type of sampling where every element in the population has a known, nonzero probability of selection. This ensures that the sample is representative of the population and allows for statistical inference to be made. Absolute, relative, and nonprobability sampling do not guarantee a representative sample from the population.

Question 17

If Northwest Airlines selects randomly a set of 40 flights on a given day,and then selects randomly a group of ten passengers on each of these flights to participate in an in-flight survey,the passengers are a:

Accepted Answer

The passengers are considered secondary sampling units because they are selected from within the primary sampling units, which are the flights.

Question 18

A telephone directory that lists the people in the phone book by their street address instead of by their last name is called a:

Accepted Answer

A reverse directory lists people by their address or phone number rather than by their name, allowing users to find information based on these details.

Question 19

When a company decides to send an Internet survey to all of its 127-member sales force to determine their morale,this is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

Sending a survey to all 127 members of the sales force is an example of a census, which is a method of collecting data from every member of the population being studied. A cluster sample involves dividing the population into groups and randomly selecting some of those groups to be included in the study. A multistage area sample involves selecting random locations, then selecting individuals or households within those locations to be part of the study. A sample involves selecting a smaller group of individuals from the population to be part of the study. However, in this scenario, a census is the best choice for gathering data on the morale of the entire sales force.

Question 20

A multistage sample is low cost and frequently used.

Accepted Answer

Multistage sampling is high cost yet frequently used.

Quiz 16: Sampling Designs and Sampling Procedures