What Explains the Appreciation of the Japanese Yen Relative to the Canadian

What explains the appreciation of the Japanese yen relative to the Canadian dollar from 1970 to the early 1990s?

A) Japanese productivity rose faster than Canadian productivity.
B) Japanese inflation rose faster than Canadian inflation.
C) Canadian consumers reduced their preferences for Japanese goods.
D) High tariffs and restrictive quotas in Canada caused the value of the dollar to decline.
E) Japanese monetary policy was more expansionary than Canadian monetary policy.