Question 1

_____ are areas of new development beyond the suburbs that are more rural but on the fringe of urbanized areas.
A) Metropolitan urban cities
B) Exurbs
C) Trade centers
D) Megacities
E) Edge cities

Accepted Answer

Exurbs are areas of new development beyond the suburbs that are more rural but on the fringe of urbanized areas.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of migration?
A) One-quarter of the migrants in the United States are unauthorized.
B) By 2050, the total number of international migrants is expected to come down by half.
C) People who move into a country are called emigrants.
D) Mexico has the highest percentage of the world's migrants.
E) The United States has less than five percent of the world's migrants.

Accepted Answer

Option A is true. According to data from the Migration Policy Institute, as of 2017, approximately one-quarter (or 10.5 million) of the foreign-born individuals in the United States were unauthorized immigrants.
Option B is false. According to the United Nations, the total number of international migrants is expected to continue to increase in the coming decades, reaching an estimated 405 million by 2050.
Option C is false. People who move into a country are called immigrants, while people who move out of a country are called emigrants.
Option D is false. According to the United Nations, India has the highest number of international migrants (18 million), followed by Mexico (12 million) and China (11 million).
Option E is false. According to the United Nations, the United States has the largest number of international migrants of any country, with 51 million migrants in 2020, representing approximately 19% of the world's total migrant population.

Question 3

A population pyramid is a graphic depiction of:
A) a population's racial and ethnic trends at a given point in time.
B) a population's emigration and immigration trends at a given point in time.
C) a population's age and sex distribution at a given point in time.
D) a population's economic and natural resources at a given point in time.
E) a population's crude birth and death rates at a given point in time.

Accepted Answer

A population pyramid depicts the age and sex distribution of a population at a given point in time, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top, split by male and female populations. This information can be used to identify demographic trends, such as an aging population or gender imbalances.

Question 4

Caroline works for a corporation in Oriel, a city that accommodates more than 10 million inhabitants.Oriel would be known as a(n) _____.
A) suburb city
B) exurb
C) alpha city
D) global city
E) megacity

Accepted Answer

A megacity is defined as a city with a population of over 10 million people.

Question 5

_____ is the rapid, unplanned, and uncontrolled spread of development into regions adjacent to cities.
A) Suburbanization
B) Urban sprawl
C) Gentrification
D) Deindustrialization
E) Leapfrogging

Accepted Answer

Urban sprawl is the rapid, unplanned, and uncontrolled spread of development into regions adjacent to cities. This often leads to the expansion of urban areas beyond their original boundaries and the conversion of rural or undeveloped land into suburban or urban areas. Urban sprawl can have negative environmental, social, and economic consequences, such as increased traffic congestion, air pollution, and loss of natural habitats, as well as increased infrastructure costs and reduced access to affordable housing for low-income families. Therefore, managing urban sprawl is an important aspect of sustainable urban development.

Question 6

The crude death rate refers to:
A) the average age at which people die in a population.
B) the total number of deaths in a population in a given year.
C) the average number of children born per day in a country.
D) the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.
E) the number of still births for every 100 people in a population in a given year.

Accepted Answer

The crude death rate is defined as the number of deaths occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.

Question 7

According to demographic transition theory, which of the following is a characteristic of the early industrial society stage?
A) The total fertility rate of a population at this stage is between 1.8 and 2.1.
B) Couples may have large numbers of children because they fear many of them will die.
C) Most couples adopt birth control methods to limit the number of children.
D) The decrease in child care responsibilities enables women to work outside the home.
E) Women tend to be well educated and to have full-time jobs or careers.

Accepted Answer

According to demographic transition theory, the early industrial society stage is characterized by high birth rates and high death rates, resulting in a relatively stable population size. Couples at this stage may have large numbers of children because they fear that many of them will die due to poor living conditions and lack of healthcare. The total fertility rate (TFR) at this stage is typically above 5.0. Birth control methods are not widely used, and women have limited opportunities for education and work outside the home. The decrease in child care responsibilities enabling women to work outside the home is a characteristic of the later stages of demographic transition theory, such as the post-industrial stage. Therefore, the correct answer is B, "Couples may have large numbers of children because they fear many of them will die."

Question 8

A(n) _____ is a central city of at least 50,000 people and urban areas linked to it.
A) metropolitan statistical area
B) megacity
C) edge city
D) megalopolis
E) exurbanite statistical area

Accepted Answer

A metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined as a central city of at least 50,000 people and the surrounding areas that are economically and socially integrated with the central city. This includes suburbs, smaller cities, and towns that are linked to the central city by commuting patterns and economic ties. MSAs are used by the U.S. Census Bureau and other organizations to study and report on population and economic trends in urban areas.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of population growth?
A) It implies that the total fertility rate of a population is more than 4.
B) It indicates a drastic drop in the number of crude death rates.
C) It is a population trend characterized by zero international immigrants.
D) It is a stable population level that occurs when each woman has no more than two children.
E) It indicates that one in every third couple in a population is childless.

Accepted Answer

A stable population level, often referred to as replacement-level fertility, occurs when each woman has, on average, about two children, which is enough to replace the parents and maintain the population size.

Question 10

Michael and Belinda bought a sprawling mansion at a reasonable price in an urban neighborhood.They renovated the house to include luxurious amenities and converted a simple structure into an upscale property.This is an example of _____.
A)
Gentrification
B) urbanization
C) residential segregation
D) pocket listing
E) self-dealing

Accepted Answer

Gentrification refers to the process of renovating and improving a neighborhood or area, typically resulting in increased property values and the displacement of low-income residents by more affluent ones. In this case, Michael and Belinda bought a house in an urban neighborhood and renovated it to include luxurious amenities, which likely increased the value of their property and potentially contributed to rising property values in the surrounding area. As a result, this can potentially displace low-income residents who may not be able to afford the rising cost of living in the area. Thus, this is an example of gentrification.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of megacities?
A) In 1950, the world had the most number of megacities.
B) At present, Tokyo is the world's largest megacity.
C) A megacity should have no more than a million residents.
D) Most of the megacities are located in the United States.
E) Chicago is currently a megacity.

Accepted Answer

A) In 1950, the world had only two megacities - New York City and Tokyo. Since then, the number of megacities has increased significantly. Today, a megacity is defined as an urban area with a population of more than 10 million.
B) As of 2023, Tokyo is the world's largest megacity with a population of over 37 million people.
C) This statement is false. A megacity is defined as an urban area with a population of more than 10 million, which is much more than one million residents.
D) This statement is false. Most of the world's megacities are located in Asia, particularly in China and India.
E) This statement is false. Chicago's population is around 2.7 million, which is significantly less than the 10 million threshold for a megacity.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of the total fertility rate (TFR)?
A) TFRs are lower in the least developed nations.
B) TFRs below 1.8 mean that a country's population is getting younger and growing fast.
C) TFRs below 2.1 mean that a country's population is decreasing and growing older.
D) High TFRs indicate increased difficulty in supporting the older population.
E) The higher the TFRs, the greater is the stability of a population.

Accepted Answer

The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is the average number of children a woman would have over her reproductive years, assuming she experiences the prevailing age-specific fertility rates at the time of her birth. A TFR of 2.1 is known as the replacement level fertility rate, which is the rate at which a population replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration.
Option A is incorrect because TFRs are generally higher in the least developed nations, often due to a lack of access to family planning and education. Option B is incorrect because a TFR below 1.8 indicates a population decline, not growth. Option D is incorrect because high TFRs indicate a larger number of young people in the population, not difficulty in supporting older people. Option E is incorrect because a high TFR can lead to population growth, but it does not necessarily indicate stability.
Therefore, option C is correct because a TFR below 2.1 means that the number of children born is not enough to replace the population, and this can result in a decrease in population size and an aging population.

Question 13

Africa and Asia:
A) have the most stable economy in the world.
B) have the lowest total fertility rates.
C) are urbanizing at a slower rate when compared to other regions.
D) are the world's least populated continents.
E) are home to nearly 90 percent of the world's rural population.

Accepted Answer

Out of the options given, the only statement that is accurate is that Africa and Asia are home to nearly 90 percent of the world's rural population. According to the World Bank, as of 2021, more than 80% of the population in Sub-Saharan Africa and nearly 50% of the population in South Asia live in rural areas. While both continents have experienced urbanization in recent years, the overall rate of urbanization is still lower than other regions such as Europe and Latin America. Additionally, both Africa and Asia have relatively high fertility rates, and their economies have been characterized by instability and fluctuation. Finally, while Africa and Asia are home to significant populations, they are not the least populated continents - that distinction goes to Australia and Antarctica.

Question 14

Sidney came to a city to pursue a career in modelling.She found the city too crowded for her liking and decided to move to a place just outside the city.This is an example of _____.
A) urbanization
B) colonization
C) ruralization
D) suburbanization
E) globalization

Accepted Answer

Sidney's move to a place just outside the city is an example of suburbanization, which involves moving from a city to its surrounding suburbs.

Question 15

Which of the following theories maintains that population growth is kept in check and stabilizes as countries experience economic and technological development, which in turn, affects birth and death rates?
A) Neo-Malthusian theory
B) Evolution theory
C) Malthusian theory
D) Demographic transition theory
E) Population growth theory

Accepted Answer

Demographic transition theory explains how population growth is controlled and stabilizes as countries develop economically and technologically, leading to changes in birth and death rates.

Question 16

_____ are business centers that are within or close to suburban residential areas and include offices, schools, shopping, entertainment, malls, hotels, and medical facilities.
A) Metropolitan cities
B) Exurbs
C) Megacities
D) Villages
E) Edge cities

Accepted Answer

Edge cities are suburban areas located at the edges of metropolitan areas that have developed into major business centers with a concentration of offices, shopping, entertainment, hotels, and medical facilities. They are often built around major transportation hubs such as airports, highways, and rail stations. Edge cities are designed to provide many of the amenities of a traditional urban area, but in a suburban setting that is more convenient for residents who live in the surrounding suburbs. They are also known as "edge nodes," "corporate parks," or "technoburbs." Therefore, option E is the best choice that matches the given description.

Question 17

Mr.and Mrs.Gomez live in Brazil with their two children.The infant mortality rate of their city is low, and the decrease in child care responsibilities allows Mrs.Gomez to pursue a career and support her family financially.In the context of the demographic transition theory, the Gomez family is most likely in the _____.
A) advanced industrial society
B) preindustrial society
C) postindustrial society
D) early industrial society
E) maturing industrial society

Accepted Answer

The Gomez family is likely in an advanced industrial society, where low infant mortality rates and increased opportunities for women to work are characteristic features.

Question 18

Megacities are:
A) metropolitan areas with at least 10 million inhabitants.
B) cities with a total fertility rate of 4.
C) areas of new development beyond the suburbs that are more rural but on the fringe of urbanized areas.
D) cities with a stable population level not characterized by migration.
E) regions where population is minimal and resources are surplus.

Accepted Answer

Megacities are generally defined as metropolitan areas with a total population of 10 million or more people. These cities are characterized by their large size, high population density, and significant economic, social, and cultural influence. Some examples of megacities include Tokyo, New York City, and Shanghai. The term "megacity" is often used to describe the challenges and opportunities associated with managing urban areas of this size, including issues related to transportation, infrastructure, housing, and social inequality.

Question 19

_____ is people's movement from rural areas to cities, which results in the increased size of cities.
A) Modernization
B) Localization
C) Urbanization
D) Globalization
E) Colonization

Accepted Answer

Urbanization is defined as the process of people moving from rural areas to cities, which results in the increased size of cities. Modernization refers to the process of societies becoming more modernized through the adoption of new technologies, practices, and values. Localization refers to the adaptation of a product or service to meet the specific needs of a particular location or culture. Globalization refers to the integration of economies, societies, and cultures around the world. Colonization is the process of one country establishing political and economic control over another.

Question 20

Which of the following in the context of the Malthusian theory?
A) According to the theory, the population grows at an arithmetic rate.
B) It maintains that the population is growing faster than the food supply needed to sustain it.
C) It states that resources available to humans will quadruple by 2050.
D) Neo-Malthusians are against the old theory, and believe the population is under control.
E) According to neo-Malthusians, the earth will survive as it's a "striving planet."

Accepted Answer

The Malthusian theory, proposed by Thomas Malthus, is based on the idea that the population tends to grow exponentially, while the food supply grows at an arithmetic rate. Therefore, the population is growing faster than the food supply needed to sustain it, which leads to overpopulation and ultimately to a population crash caused by famine, disease, or war. This means that choice A, which states that the population grows at an arithmetic rate, is incorrect.
Choice C, which states that resources available to humans will quadruple by 2050, is also incorrect because the Malthusian theory does not make such a prediction.
Choice D is partially correct, as Neo-Malthusians do critique the old theory but they do not necessarily believe that the population is under control. Rather, they argue that the pressures of overpopulation are still relevant and that new strategies are needed to address these challenges.
Choice E is also incorrect because the idea of a "striving planet" is not part of the Malthusian theory, but rather an alternative viewpoint on the future of the planet.

Quiz 15: Population, Urbanization, and the Environment

_____ are areas of new development beyond the suburbs that are more rural but on the fringe of urbanized areas.

Which of the following is true of migration?

A population pyramid is a graphic depiction of:

Caroline works for a corporation in Oriel, a city that accommodates more than 10 million inhabitants.Oriel would be known as a(n) _____.

_____ is the rapid, unplanned, and uncontrolled spread of development into regions adjacent to cities.

The crude death rate refers to:

According to demographic transition theory, which of the following is a characteristic of the early industrial society stage?

A(n) _____ is a central city of at least 50,000 people and urban areas linked to it.

Which of the following is true of population growth?

Michael and Belinda bought a sprawling mansion at a reasonable price in an urban neighborhood.They renovated the house to include luxurious amenities and converted a simple structure into an upscale property.This is an example of _____.

Which of the following statements is true of megacities?

Which of the following is true of the total fertility rate (TFR) ?

Africa and Asia:

Sidney came to a city to pursue a career in modelling.She found the city too crowded for her liking and decided to move to a place just outside the city.This is an example of _____.

Which of the following theories maintains that population growth is kept in check and stabilizes as countries experience economic and technological development, which in turn, affects birth and death rates?

_____ are business centers that are within or close to suburban residential areas and include offices, schools, shopping, entertainment, malls, hotels, and medical facilities.

Megacities are:

_____ is people's movement from rural areas to cities, which results in the increased size of cities.

Which of the following in the context of the Malthusian theory?