Question 1

Describe the dichotic listening procedure and two studies that have manipulated the basic paradigm.What does the dichotic listening evidence tell us about the nature of attention?

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Question 2

Compare and contrast inattentional blindness and change blindness.Provide a real-life example of each process.

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The answer of Compare and contrast inattentional blindness and change...

Question 3

Sadiq has a significantly difficult time sustaining attention and completing projects that require sustained effort.These experiences are likely associated with functioning of what system?

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The answer of Sadiq has a significantly difficult time sustaining...

Question 4

Lucas suffered a blow to his right parietal lobe and now suffers from unilateral neglect.

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The answer of Lucas suffered a blow to his right...

Question 5

What does it mean to say that attention is an "achievement" rather than a specific mechanism?

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Question 6

Attention is best characterized as a(n)

Accepted Answer

Attention is a complex process that involves many different cognitive processes, including selection, inhibition, and sustained focus. It also depends on factors such as motivation, arousal, and individual differences. Therefore, it is best characterized as an achievement that depends on many different processes.

Question 7

Ada recently joined a running club and completed her first 5-mile run.After the run,she has no recall of what she read in her cognition textbook earlier because she is thinking about how sore her legs are.This is a real-world example of

Accepted Answer

Ada's attention was focused on the soreness in her legs, causing her to be unaware of the information in her cognition textbook, which is an example of inattentional blindness.

Question 8

You have undoubtedly heard the phrase "practice makes perfect." Argue for or against this adage by discussing the role that attention plays in behavior,and how that could be modified (or not)via practice.

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The answer of You have undoubtedly heard the phrase "practice...

Question 9

Which of the following statements is FALSE about automatic tasks?

Accepted Answer

Automatic tasks do not require executive control, as they are performed automatically and do not require conscious effort or attention.

Question 10

A primary difference between early and late selection hypotheses is that in the early selection models,selection of stimuli

Accepted Answer

Early selection hypotheses propose that selection of stimuli happens soon after the stimuli arrive, while late selection models suggest that selection occurs just before the stimuli reach consciousness. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 11

Explain how stimulus-driven and expectation-driven processing contribute to the effect that priming has on attention.

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Question 12

Which symptom associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)reflects problems with orienting systems?

Accepted Answer

Failing to pay close attention reflects a problem with the orienting system in ADHD. This system is responsible for directing and focusing attention towards relevant stimuli, and individuals with ADHD often struggle with this process.

Question 13

Landry is discussing summer plans with a friend at a busy restaurant.He suddenly notices that someone at a nearby table has mentioned his name,and he shifts his attention to the conversation at that other table.Which of the following is the term often used to describe this experience?

Accepted Answer

The term often used to describe the experience of shifting attention to a conversation that mentions one's name at a nearby table is the cocktail party effect. This phenomenon refers to the brain's ability to filter and focus on relevant auditory stimuli amidst competing background noise, similar to focusing on a single conversation at a party while ignoring others. The other options, such as early selection hypothesis, which suggests processing occurs before attentional selection, or failure of the orienting system, which describes difficulty shifting attention, are not as applicable to this scenario. Attention as a spotlight is a broader concept describing the selective nature of attention.

Question 14

A participant is shown a series of stimuli and is asked to name the color of the ink in which the stimuli are printed.The eighth stimulus happens to be printed in green ink.We should expect a relatively slow response if the stimulus happens to be

Accepted Answer

This is called the Stroop Effect, where the cognitive processing of reading the word "RED" interferes with the task of naming the color of the ink it is printed in, leading to slower response times. The other options do not have this same level of interference.

Question 15

Your friend says that she can drive and text on her cell phone at the same time because she has a lot of practice doing both things.Use your knowledge of attention to convince her (using the appropriate psychological terms and evidence)that she should not text and drive at the same time.

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The answer of Your friend says that she can drive...

Question 16

Describe the Posner and Snyder (1975)experiment.What does it tell us about the role that priming plays in attention? What are the costs and benefits of such priming?

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Question 17

Imagine you are studying for an upcoming final exam.You take pride,though,in the fact that you always try to do two things at once.Provide one example of a task that you probably could do successfully while studying and one you could not.Explain your choice of examples.

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Question 18

Sometimes someone notices and perceives an input even though the input is part of a stream of information that the person has been,up to that point,successfully ignoring.A plausible explanation for this is that

Accepted Answer

This is a plausible explanation because frequent exposure to a particular stimulus can enhance the sensitivity of relevant detectors and increase the likelihood of noticing that stimulus even when it is unattended. This phenomenon is known as priming.

Question 19

Is attention space-based or object-based? Include evidence from patients with unilateral neglect in your answer.

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Question 20

All of the following statements regarding stimulus- and expectation-based priming are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. While both types of priming are related to brain mechanisms, they are not identical. Stimulus-based priming is more closely related to sensory processing, while expectation-based priming involves higher-level cognitive processes such as attention and memory. The other statements are true.

Quiz 5: Paying Attention