Question 1

Most modern researchers believe that intelligence can be understood in terms of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most modern researchers believe that intelligence can...

Question 2

Sam has scored very high on an IQ test.Which of the following is also likely to be true of Sam?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there is a strong relationship between IQ and working memory capacity, meaning that individuals with high IQ scores tend to have larger working memory capacities. However, there is no clear relationship between IQ and emotional intelligence or creativity. Additionally, there is no evidence to suggest that IQ affects someone's ability to distinguish between low and high-pitched tones.

Question 3

A group of people is given a new test that supposedly measures creativity.We later find that their scores on this test are,in fact,correlated with their ability to do well on a separate test requiring "out of the box" solutions.This finding suggests that this test of creativity appears to have relatively high

Accepted Answer

The fact that scores on the creativity test are correlated with performance on a separate test requiring "out of the box" solutions suggests that the creativity test has predictive validity, meaning it is able to predict future performance on a related task. However, we don't have enough information to assume that the test has high accuracy or test-retest reliability. Additionally, reliability is not necessarily the same as validity, so D is not the best choice.

Question 4

The gradual increase in IQ scores around the world over the past few decades is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

The gradual increase in IQ scores around the world over the past few decades is referred to as the Flynn effect.

Question 5

Reliability refers to the extent to which a measure is ________,and validity refers to whether a measure is ________.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure, meaning that it produces similar results each time it is used under the same conditions. Validity, on the other hand, refers to the accuracy of a measure in assessing the construct or variable it is intended to measure. Therefore, choice A accurately defines both reliability and validity.

Question 6

________ intelligence refers to an ability to think about novel problems,while ________ intelligence refers to acquired knowledge and skills.

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to think abstractly and solve novel problems, while crystallized intelligence refers to acquired knowledge and skills. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because general intelligence does not necessarily refer to the ability to think about novel problems. Option B is incorrect because it reverses the terms fluid and crystallized intelligence. Option D is incorrect because there is not a clear distinction between general intelligence and learned intelligence.

Question 7

People have considered various hypotheses for why there is a difference between the average IQ scores for American Whites and African Americans.Which of the following is NOT an explanation that is supported by evidence?

Accepted Answer

The idea that genetic factors give White Americans an advantage on intelligence tests is not supported by evidence. In fact, research has consistently shown that there are no inherent differences in intelligence between racial groups, and that any observed differences are most likely due to environmental and cultural factors.

Question 8

Melissa is a 35-year-old woman.Over the next few decades,her ________ intelligence will likely increase,while her ________ intelligence will likely decrease.

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence, which involves the use of knowledge, facts, and skills that one has acquired throughout life, tends to increase with age. Fluid intelligence, which encompasses the ability to think abstractly, reason, identify patterns, solve problems, and discern relationships, tends to decrease with age.

Question 9

Mark scored very well on one portion of the IQ test.Evidence suggests that

Accepted Answer

IQ tests are designed to measure a range of cognitive abilities. If Mark scored very well on one portion, it suggests he has strong underlying cognitive skills, which are likely to benefit him across the entire test.

Question 10

In some procedures,participants are helped by an interruption during their attempts at solving a problem.In explaining this effect,which of the following hypotheses seems LEAST plausible in light of the available evidence?

Accepted Answer

The other three hypotheses have been supported by research as potential explanations for why interruptions can help participants solve problems. Means-end analysis is a problem-solving strategy that involves breaking down a problem into subgoals and identifying the means to achieve those subgoals. While it is a plausible explanation, there may be less evidence supporting it compared to the other options.

Question 11

Researchers have tried to study the moment of illumination in the laboratory.The evidence indicates that

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that the feeling of illumination or insight does not reliably indicate that a person is close to solving a problem; it can occur even when they are moving toward a dead end.

Question 12

Which of the following is evidence that is most consistent with Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that intelligence is not a single entity but is instead a collection of multiple intelligences, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential intelligences. The existence of specific, extreme talents in people with low IQ scores is consistent with this theory, as such talents may represent strengths in one or more of these intelligences despite weaknesses in others.

Question 13

Your friend sets a New Year's resolution to "be happier." Your friend is struggling with the problem,though,of how to achieve this goal.Using the appropriate terminology,explain what kind of problem this is,and how,according to the chapter,your friend might go about solving it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend sets a New Year's resolution...

Question 14

According to the textbook,which of the following is a type of intelligence that is NOT measured by conventional IQ tests?

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence is a type of intelligence that is not measured by conventional IQ tests. This type of intelligence involves understanding and managing one's own emotions as well as the emotions of others. It includes skills such as empathy, social awareness, and relationship management.

Question 15

Describe two of the strategies for problem solving that were included in the chapter.Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two of the strategies for problem...

Question 16

A group of participants is interrupted while working on a problem.The participants then spend some time on an unrelated task and,finally,return to the initial problem.Studies of this sort generally show that the

Accepted Answer

Studies on the effect of interruption on problem-solving have yielded mixed results, with some studies showing a benefit from the interruption while others showing no effect. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 17

Which of the following statements does NOT support the notion that the environment influences intelligence scores?

Accepted Answer

This statement suggests that genetics play a larger role in determining intelligence than environment, as monozygotic twins share more genetic material than dizygotic twins but have more similar IQs. Therefore, it does not support the notion that the environment influences intelligence scores.

Question 18

Dr.Jean Yuss has created a new test that she claims can measure intelligence with only 15 questions.Dr.Yuss administers this test to Alex three times,and each time Alex scores only 35% on the test.Other tests of intelligence,however,suggest that Alex is quite intelligent.Which of the following is most likely true of this new test?

Accepted Answer

Alex's low scores on the new test suggest that it may not be a valid measure of intelligence, as other tests have indicated that Alex is intelligent. However, it is possible that the test is a reliable measure, as Alex consistently scored 35% on it during multiple administrations. Therefore, the best choice is B, which suggests that the test may be reliable but not valid. However, without more information or further testing, it is difficult to determine with certainty the properties of the new test.

Question 19

Why might someone's working memory capacity (WMC)contribute toward general intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Working memory capacity (WMC) allows individuals to hold and manipulate information in their mind while performing a task. This ability contributes to various aspects of general intelligence, including attentional control, cognitive flexibility, and problem-solving. People with greater WMC are better able to inhibit irrelevant thoughts and stay focused on a particular task, which is crucial for many cognitive activities. They are also better at updating and rearranging their mental representations to achieve a goal. Therefore, WMC is an essential component of general intelligence.

Question 20

Which of the following would be a reason to use Raven's Progressive Matrices instead of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale to measure the intelligence of an individual?

Accepted Answer

Raven's Progressive Matrices is a nonverbal IQ test, whereas the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale measures both verbal and nonverbal abilities. As such, Raven's Progressive Matrices would be a better choice if the participant is not a native English speaker, as it does not require verbal knowledge or language ability.

Quiz 13: Problem Solving and Intelligence