Question 1

The word culture comes from the Latin cultura,which is related to cult or worship.

Accepted Answer

The word culture comes from the Latin cultura, which is related to cult or worship.

Question 2

In the context of Hofstede's original four dimensions,power distance is "the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally."

Accepted Answer

In the context of Hofstede's original four dimensions, power distance is "the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally."

Question 3

An achievement culture is a culture in which status is attributed based on who or what a person is.

Accepted Answer

An achievement culture is one in which people are accorded status based on how well they perform their functions.

Question 4

In the context of Hofstede's original four dimensions,countries with low-uncertainty-avoidance cultures have a great deal of structuring of organizational activities,more written rules,less risk taking by managers,lower labor turnover,and less ambitious employees.

Accepted Answer

In the context of Hofstede's original four dimensions, countries with high-uncertainty-avoidance cultures have a great deal of structuring of organizational activities, more written rules, less risk taking by managers, lower labor turnover, and less ambitious employees.

Question 5

In the context of values in transition,collectivism is on the rise in Japan.

Accepted Answer

In the context of values in transition, there is increasing evidence that individualism in Japan is on the rise, indicating that Japanese values are changing-and not just among managers outside the country. The country's long economic slump has convinced many Japanese that they cannot rely on the large corporations or the government to ensure their future.

Question 6

In the context of cultural diversity,a supplemental way of understanding cultural differences is to compare culture as a normal distribution and then to examine it in terms of stereotyping.

Accepted Answer

In the context of cultural diversity, a supplemental way of understanding cultural differences is to compare culture as a normal distribution and then to examine it in terms of stereotyping. The stereotypes are often exaggerated and used by members of one culture in describing the other, thus helping reinforce the differences between the two while reducing the likelihood of achieving cooperation and communication.

Question 7

In China,Confucianism,which was overshadowed,is slowly gaining popularity once again,emphasizing respect for authority,concern for others,balance,harmony,and overall order.

Accepted Answer

In China, Confucianism, which was overshadowed, is slowly gaining popularity once again, emphasizing respect for authority, concern for others, balance, harmony, and overall order. While this may provide sanctuary for some, it poses problems within the government because it will have to prove its worthiness to remain in power.

Question 8

In the context of the values in transition,China is moving away from a collectivist culture.

Accepted Answer

In the context of the values in transition, China is moving away from a collectivist culture. It appears as though even China is not sure what cultural values it will adhere to.

Question 9

Universalism is the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere without modification.

Accepted Answer

Universalism is the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere without modification.

Question 10

In the context of Hofstede's original four dimensions,organizations in high-power-distance countries will tend to be centralized and have tall organization structures.

Accepted Answer

In the context of Hofstede's original four dimensions, organizations in high-power-distance countries will tend to be centralized and have tall organization structures. These organizations will have a large proportion of supervisory personnel, and the people at the lower levels of the structure often will have low job qualifications.

Question 11

In the context of the values in transition,the stateside Japanese managers,Japanese managers working for Japanese firms in the United States,believed that unconditional tenure in one organization was of major importance.

Accepted Answer

In the context of the values in transition, the stateside Japanese managers, Japanese managers working for Japanese firms in the United States, did not believe that unconditional tenure in one organization was of major importance. However, lifetime employment is widely accepted in Japanese culture.

Question 12

In the context of Dutch researcher,Fons Trompenaars's relationship orientations,people in high-communitarianism societies stress personal and individual matters.

Accepted Answer

In the context of Dutch researcher, Fons Trompenaars's relationship orientations, people in high-communitarianism societies stress group-related issues. Instead, people in high-individualism societies stress personal and individual matters.

Question 13

According to the priorities of cultural values of the United States,Japan,and Arab countries,independence is the top cultural priority in Japan.

Accepted Answer

According to the priorities of cultural values of the United States, Japan, and Arab countries, belonging is the top cultural priority in Japan.

Question 14

A neutral culture is one in which emotions are held in check.

Accepted Answer

A neutral culture is one in which emotions are held in check. Both Japan and the United Kingdom are high-neutral cultures. People in these countries try not to show their feelings; they act stoically and maintain their composure.

Question 15

In the context of Dutch researcher,Fons Trompenaars's relationship orientations,cultures with high universalism focus more on relationships and trust than on formal rules.

Accepted Answer

In the context of Dutch researcher, Fons Trompenaars's relationship orientations, in cultures with high universalism, the focus is more on formal rules than on relationships. Business contracts are adhered to very closely and, people believe that "a deal is a deal."

Question 16

In the context of the characteristics of culture,transgenerational means that culture has structure and is integrated; a change in one part will bring changes in another.

Accepted Answer

In the context of the characteristics of culture, transgenerational means that culture is cumulative, passed down from one generation to the next.

Question 17

In the context of Hofstede's original four dimensions,cultures with a high masculinity index tend to favor earnings,advancement,and challenge.

Accepted Answer

In the context of Hofstede's original four dimensions, countries with a high masculinity index place great importance on earnings, recognition, advancement, and challenge.

Question 18

In the context of the important values in the Japanese culture,paternalism is often measured by a manager's involvement in both personal and off-the-job problems of subordinates.

Accepted Answer

In the context of the important values in the Japanese culture, paternalism is often measured by a manager's involvement in both personal and off-the-job problems of subordinates. Stateside Japanese managers disagreed, and this resistance was positively associated with the number of years they had been in the United States.

Question 19

When depicting cultural diversity through visually separating its components by using concentric circles,the middle ring contains the norms and values of society.

Accepted Answer

When depicting cultural diversity through visually separating its components, for example by using concentric circles, the middle ring contains the norms and values of society. These can be both formal and informal, and they are designed to help people understand how they should behave.

Question 20

Hofstede found that wealthy countries have higher collectivism scores and poorer countries higher individualism scores.

Accepted Answer

Hofstede found that wealthy countries have higher individualism scores and poorer countries higher collectivism scores. The United States, Canada, Australia, France, and the United Kingdom, among others, have high individualism and high GNP. Conversely, China, Mexico, and a number of South American countries have low individualism (high collectivism) and low GNP.

Quiz 4: The Meanings and Dimensions of Culture

The word culture comes from the Latin cultura,which is related to cult or worship.

In the context of Hofstede's original four dimensions,power distance is "the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally."

An achievement culture is a culture in which status is attributed based on who or what a person is.

In the context of Hofstede's original four dimensions,countries with low-uncertainty-avoidance cultures have a great deal of structuring of organizational activities,more written rules,less risk taking by managers,lower labor turnover,and less ambitious employees.

In the context of values in transition,collectivism is on the rise in Japan.

In the context of cultural diversity,a supplemental way of understanding cultural differences is to compare culture as a normal distribution and then to examine it in terms of stereotyping.

In China,Confucianism,which was overshadowed,is slowly gaining popularity once again,emphasizing respect for authority,concern for others,balance,harmony,and overall order.

In the context of the values in transition,China is moving away from a collectivist culture.

Universalism is the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere without modification.

In the context of Hofstede's original four dimensions,organizations in high-power-distance countries will tend to be centralized and have tall organization structures.

In the context of the values in transition,the stateside Japanese managers,Japanese managers working for Japanese firms in the United States,believed that unconditional tenure in one organization was of major importance.

In the context of Dutch researcher,Fons Trompenaars's relationship orientations,people in high-communitarianism societies stress personal and individual matters.

According to the priorities of cultural values of the United States,Japan,and Arab countries,independence is the top cultural priority in Japan.

A neutral culture is one in which emotions are held in check.

In the context of Dutch researcher,Fons Trompenaars's relationship orientations,cultures with high universalism focus more on relationships and trust than on formal rules.

In the context of the characteristics of culture,transgenerational means that culture has structure and is integrated; a change in one part will bring changes in another.

In the context of Hofstede's original four dimensions,cultures with a high masculinity index tend to favor earnings,advancement,and challenge.

In the context of the important values in the Japanese culture,paternalism is often measured by a manager's involvement in both personal and off-the-job problems of subordinates.

When depicting cultural diversity through visually separating its components by using concentric circles,the middle ring contains the norms and values of society.

Hofstede found that wealthy countries have higher collectivism scores and poorer countries higher individualism scores.