Question 1

_____ is an irrational, excessive fear that interferes with one's functioning.

Accepted Answer

A phobia is a specific, irrational fear of an object or situation that can interfere with daily life and functioning. Anxiety is a broader term that can encompass different types of fears and worries. Coregulation refers to the way in which two individuals regulate each other's emotions and behavior, and latency is a stage of development in psychoanalytic theory.

Question 2

Children with separation anxiety disorder tend to:

Accepted Answer

Children with separation anxiety disorder tend to cling to their parents and follow them around the house. They may also become distressed when separated from their parents or caregivers, and may refuse to go to school or engage in other activities without them.

Question 3

Robert Selman described five stages in children's changing concepts of friendship. In the _________ stage, friends are viewed as doing things for one another, but the focus remains on self-interest.

Accepted Answer

Selman's "fair-weather cooperation" stage describes a view of friendship in which friends do things for each other, but primarily for self-interest. This stage is characterized by a lack of true emotional connection or investment in the other person, and the friendship may dissolve if the self-interest is no longer being met.

Question 4

According to the five levels of perspective-taking skills in childhood described by Selman, children in_________ are egocentric and do not realize that other people have perspectives different from their own.

Accepted Answer

Level 0, also known as the undifferentiated stage, is characterized by egocentric thinking and the inability to recognize that others have different perspectives.

Question 5

Discuss the origins and treatment of conduct disorders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the origins and treatment of conduct...

Question 6

Explain parent-child relationships during middle childhood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain parent-child relationships during middle childhood....

Question 7

According to a study by Graham & Reynolds in 2013, _________ techniques involving parent training hold promise for the treatment of conduct disorders.

Accepted Answer

Graham & Reynolds concluded that cognitive-behavioral techniques involving parent training hold promise for the treatment of conduct disorders. The study did not mention psychoanalytical, gender-schema, or physiological techniques as holding promise.

Question 8

Describe the effects of schools on child development in middle childhood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the effects of schools on child...

Question 9

Except for extreme cases, it is usually not better for children with _____ to remain at home until the origins of the problem are uncovered and resolved.

Accepted Answer

School phobia is a treatable condition, and it's important for children to receive appropriate support and treatment as soon as possible to minimize their educational and social disruptions. Staying at home for an extended period may worsen the condition, lead to more severe social anxiety and impair their academic performance. Accordingly, addressing issues related to school phobia necessarily involves treatment and intervention to alleviate the symptoms and encourage children back to school.

Question 10

Explain Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality in the context of middle childhood. Do Erikson's views on middle childhood contradict those of Freud?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality in...

Question 11

Robert Selman described five stages in children's changing concepts of friendship. In the _________ stage, children are less egocentric but view a friend as someone who does what they want.

Accepted Answer

In the "one-way assistance" stage, children see friends as people who fulfill their needs and desires, indicating a less egocentric view but still expecting friends to do what they want.

Question 12

How does self-esteem change during middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does self-esteem change during middle childhood?...

Question 13

According to _________, children in the middle years are in the latency stage of development.

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, children in the middle years are in the latency stage of development. During this stage, sexual impulses are repressed and the focus is on developing social and intellectual skills.

Question 14

According to Selman, children in _________ of perspective-taking skills in childhood realize that the perspectives of the larger social group also must be considered.

Accepted Answer

In Selman's theory of perspective-taking, level 4 is known as the "Societal" stage, where children understand that societal norms and the perspectives of the larger social group must be considered.

Question 15

Jenna is six years old. She is hesitant to go to school every morning. She often experiences stomachaches and vomiting. She pleads with her mother not to send her to school. This scenario illustrates that Jenna is suffering from _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jenna is six years old. She is...

Question 16

A child with _____ may voice concerns about death and dying and insist that someone stay with him or her at bedtime.

Accepted Answer

Separation anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive fear or anxiety related to separation from home or attachment figures. This may include worries about death or losing a loved one. Children with this disorder may also have difficulty sleeping alone and insist that someone stay with them at bedtime. Conduct disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are not typically associated with concerns about death and dying.

Question 17

In a research study by Green in 1978, it was found that all of the 13 older children in the study who were being reared or had been reared by lesbians or transsexuals were _________ in orientation.

Accepted Answer

The study found that all 13 older children being reared by lesbians or transsexuals were homosexual in orientation.

Question 18

According to Piaget, middle childhood coincides with the stage of _________.

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that middle childhood (ages 7-11) corresponds with the concrete operational stage, in which children become more logical and can perform mental operations on concrete objects and events. This stage is characterized by the ability to conserve, reverse operations, classify, and order objects in a logical sequence.

Question 19

_________ is the way in which one is disposed toward interpreting outcomes (successes or failures), as in tending to place blame or responsibility on oneself or on external factors.

Accepted Answer

This refers to an individual's tendency to attribute the causes of events or outcomes to internal or external factors. It can influence one's self-esteem, motivation, and coping strategies.

Question 20

Children with _________ are often involved in sexual activity before puberty and smoke, drink, and abuse other substances.

Accepted Answer

Conduct disorders are characterized by rule-breaking, aggressive or violent behavior, and disregard for the rights of others. Children with conduct disorders are more likely to engage in risky behaviors, including sexual activity before puberty and substance abuse. Depression, separation anxiety disorders, and phobias are not typically associated with engaging in such behaviors.

Quiz 10: Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development