Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of inflammation?​

Accepted Answer

Inflammation leads to an increase in the supply of white blood cells, which combat antigens at points of damage.

Question 2

Which of the following is a stress hormone connected with anger?​

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a stress hormone that is released during the fight-or-flight response and is associated with anger.

Question 3

During middle adulthood, cognitive development is characterized by a(n):​

Accepted Answer

During middle adulthood, individuals tend to experience an increase in crystallized intelligence, which refers to the accumulation of knowledge and skills acquired through experience and education. This type of intelligence involves comprehension, verbal ability, and judgement, and tends to remain relatively stable or even improve during middle adulthood. Procedural memory, which refers to the ability to remember how to do certain physical tasks, may decline with age, but processing speed and reaction time tend to decrease as individuals age.

Question 4

The immune system retains the capacity to battle antigens by:​

Accepted Answer

The immune system retains the capacity to battle antigens by maintaining their antibodies in the bloodstream. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that recognize and help fight off specific invading pathogens (antigens). Once the immune system has encountered an antigen, it produces specific antibodies that remain in the bloodstream, ready to respond immediately if the same antigen is encountered again. This is known as immunological memory.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is accurate of cognitive development in middle adulthood?​

Accepted Answer

Intellectual development in adulthood shows multidirectionality, meaning that some cognitive abilities may improve while others may decline, and interindividual variability, meaning that individuals may vary in the rate and pattern of their cognitive changes. It is not accurate to say that intellectual abilities are established in early adulthood and cannot be modified in middle adulthood, as research suggests that cognitive abilities can continue to improve or decline in middle adulthood. While some studies suggest that fluid intelligence may decline in middle adulthood, others find that it remains stable or even improves, and crystallized intelligence tends to remain stable or increase in middle adulthood.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of perimenopause?​

Accepted Answer

Perimenopause is the transitional period in a woman's life leading up to menopause, marked by irregular periods and hormonal fluctuations. Amenorrhea or missed periods for three to eleven months, is a common symptom of perimenopause. It is a natural process and does not require medical assistance unless other symptoms are severe. It does not signal an end to a woman's sexual appetite, and it occurs due to declining levels of estrogen and progesterone, not testosterone.

Question 7

In the context of cognitive development, plasticity is the fact that:​

Accepted Answer

Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt throughout the lifespan, implying that intellectual abilities are not fixed and can be modified with appropriate training or experience. Choices A, C, and D are not directly related to plasticity.

Question 8

Christine is going through the phase of perimenopause and is troubled by episodes of hot flushes and night sweats. Which of the following treatments will help Christine cope with these symptoms?​

Accepted Answer

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the most effective treatment for hot flushes and night sweats experienced during perimenopause. It involves the use of estrogen and sometimes progesterone to replace the declining levels of hormones in the body during this phase. HRT has some risks and benefits, and it is essential to consult a healthcare provider before considering it as a treatment option. A and D are not relevant to the management of hot flushes and night sweats during perimenopause, while B is used to treat cancer and for palliative care.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of sexual dysfunction?​

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that women report a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction than men, with low sexual desire and difficulty reaching orgasm being the most prevalent issues.

Question 10

Osteoporosis is linked to the deficiency of:​

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis is linked to the deficiency of estrogen, the hormone responsible for building and maintaining bone mass in women. A decrease in estrogen levels, especially after menopause, can lead to bone loss and an increased risk of fractures. Deficiencies in norepinephrine, oxytocin, and adrenaline are not linked to osteoporosis.

Question 11

Which of the following defines vasomotor instability?​

Accepted Answer

Vasomotor instability refers to disruptions in the body mechanisms that dilate or constrict the blood vessels to maintain an even body temperature. This can result in hot flashes, night sweats, and other symptoms commonly associated with menopause. Option A refers to sexual dysfunction, option B refers to individual differences in aging, and option D refers to autism.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of hormone replacement therapy?​

Accepted Answer

Hormone replacement therapy uses synthetic estrogen and/or progesterone to treat symptoms associated with perimenopause and menopause. It is not associated with decreased risks of strokes and blood clots, and it may increase the risk of certain cancers and other health problems. While it may help alleviate hot flashes and other symptoms, it is not always recommended as a first-line treatment due to potential risks.

Question 13

Lee, an experienced doctor, discovers that he recalls most of his medical training and that he has built up on it in the course of years. However, he fails to remember the Italian that he learnt when he was a student abroad. In the context of cognitive development, the differences in Lee's abilities illustrate the principle of:​

Accepted Answer

Multidirectionality refers to the concept that cognitive development can progress in different directions, with some abilities improving while others decline. Lee's retention of medical knowledge and loss of Italian language skills exemplify this principle.

Question 14

Unpleasant perimenopausal sensations such as night sweats, hot flushes, and hot flashes are caused due to the deficit of:​

Accepted Answer

The unpleasant perimenopausal sensations such as night sweats, hot flushes and hot flashes are caused by the deficit of estrogen.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of crystallized intelligence?​

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence is influenced by both neurological factors and environmental factors, but the latter has a greater impact. It refers to the knowledge and skills that a person acquires throughout their lifetime and is therefore dependent on the cultural and educational context in which they had grown up.

Question 16

Linda, a fifty-year-old, goes back to college after being a baker for several years. Through her college years, she studies diverse subjects which enrich her knowledge. This scenario illustrates an increase in her level of:​

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to knowledge and skills that are accumulated over time, and Linda's study of diverse subjects in college would contribute to an increase in her crystallized intelligence. Fluid intelligence relates to problem-solving abilities and tends to decrease as people age, so it would not be the best choice in this scenario. Existential intelligence involves contemplating deep questions about life, meaning, and existence, and interpersonal intelligence relates to understanding and navigating social interactions. While Linda may develop some degree of existential intelligence or interpersonal intelligence through her college experience, neither of these options reflect the primary focus of her learning.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of osteoporosis?​

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of serious fractures, especially of the hip.

A) is incorrect as long-term testosterone deficiency can lead to osteoporosis in men but not in women. 
B) is incorrect as vasomotor instability is a symptom of menopause, not osteoporosis. 
D) is incorrect as there is no evidence to suggest that osteoporosis improves cognitive functioning.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of sexual activities in middle adulthood?​

Accepted Answer

While sexual activity may decline slightly in middle age, it remains an important part of many people's lives. The most common sexual problem among men in middle age is erectile dysfunction, which can impact sexual satisfaction and overall quality of life. Women in middle adulthood may experience some decrease in sexual frequency, but many continue to be sexually active and satisfied. There is no evidence to suggest that women whose partners use Viagra report low levels of sexual satisfaction.

Question 19

The _____ is known as the climacteric.

Accepted Answer

The gradual decline in reproductive capacity of the ovaries is known as the climacteric, which is commonly referred to as menopause. Menopause marks the end of a woman's reproductive years, which usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55. As the ovaries stop producing eggs, the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body diminish, leading to physical and psychological changes. Symptoms of menopause can include hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood swings, and fatigue.

Question 20

Which of the following best defines amenorrhea?​

Accepted Answer

Amenorrhea is the absence or lack of menstruation, which can be due to various factors such as pregnancy, menopause, hormonal imbalances, or health conditions. It is not related to sexual desire or orgasm.

Quiz 15: Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Which of the following statements is true of inflammation?

Which of the following is a stress hormone connected with anger?

During middle adulthood, cognitive development is characterized by a(n) :

The immune system retains the capacity to battle antigens by:

Which of the following statements is accurate of cognitive development in middle adulthood?

Which of the following statements is true of perimenopause?

In the context of cognitive development, plasticity is the fact that:

Christine is going through the phase of perimenopause and is troubled by episodes of hot flushes and night sweats. Which of the following treatments will help Christine cope with these symptoms?

Which of the following is true of sexual dysfunction?

Osteoporosis is linked to the deficiency of:

Which of the following defines vasomotor instability?

Which of the following statements is true of hormone replacement therapy?

Unpleasant perimenopausal sensations such as night sweats, hot flushes, and hot flashes are caused due to the deficit of:

Which of the following statements is true of crystallized intelligence?

Linda, a fifty-year-old, goes back to college after being a baker for several years. Through her college years, she studies diverse subjects which enrich her knowledge. This scenario illustrates an increase in her level of:

Which of the following statements is true of osteoporosis?

Which of the following statements is true of sexual activities in middle adulthood?

The _____ is known as the climacteric.

Which of the following best defines amenorrhea?

Quiz 15: Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Which of the following statements is true of inflammation?​

Which of the following is a stress hormone connected with anger?​

During middle adulthood, cognitive development is characterized by a(n) :​

The immune system retains the capacity to battle antigens by:​

Which of the following statements is accurate of cognitive development in middle adulthood?​

Which of the following statements is true of perimenopause?​

In the context of cognitive development, plasticity is the fact that:​

Christine is going through the phase of perimenopause and is troubled by episodes of hot flushes and night sweats. Which of the following treatments will help Christine cope with these symptoms?​

Which of the following is true of sexual dysfunction?​

Osteoporosis is linked to the deficiency of:​

Which of the following defines vasomotor instability?​

Which of the following statements is true of hormone replacement therapy?​

Unpleasant perimenopausal sensations such as night sweats, hot flushes, and hot flashes are caused due to the deficit of:​

Which of the following statements is true of crystallized intelligence?​

Linda, a fifty-year-old, goes back to college after being a baker for several years. Through her college years, she studies diverse subjects which enrich her knowledge. This scenario illustrates an increase in her level of:​

Which of the following statements is true of osteoporosis?​

Which of the following statements is true of sexual activities in middle adulthood?​

The _____ is known as the climacteric.

Which of the following best defines amenorrhea?​

Which of the following statements is true of inflammation?

Which of the following is a stress hormone connected with anger?

During middle adulthood, cognitive development is characterized by a(n) :

The immune system retains the capacity to battle antigens by:

Which of the following statements is accurate of cognitive development in middle adulthood?

Which of the following statements is true of perimenopause?

In the context of cognitive development, plasticity is the fact that:

Christine is going through the phase of perimenopause and is troubled by episodes of hot flushes and night sweats. Which of the following treatments will help Christine cope with these symptoms?

Which of the following is true of sexual dysfunction?

Osteoporosis is linked to the deficiency of:

Which of the following defines vasomotor instability?

Which of the following statements is true of hormone replacement therapy?

Unpleasant perimenopausal sensations such as night sweats, hot flushes, and hot flashes are caused due to the deficit of:

Which of the following statements is true of crystallized intelligence?

Linda, a fifty-year-old, goes back to college after being a baker for several years. Through her college years, she studies diverse subjects which enrich her knowledge. This scenario illustrates an increase in her level of:

Which of the following statements is true of osteoporosis?

Which of the following statements is true of sexual activities in middle adulthood?

Which of the following best defines amenorrhea?