Question 1

Nathan,who is 10 months old,picks up small blocks using his thumb and forefinger.The type of grasp used by Nathan is called the ________ grip.

Accepted Answer

The pincer grip involves using the thumb and forefinger to pick up small objects, which is exactly what Nathan is doing with the small blocks. The pencil grip involves holding a writing utensil with the same fingers but in a different orientation, while the tripod grip involves using the thumb, forefinger, and middle finger together. The palmer grip involves holding objects in the palm of the hand, which is not what Nathan is doing.

Question 2

The dynamic systems view of motor development states that the developing of motor skills is a(n)________ process.

Accepted Answer

The dynamic systems view of motor development emphasizes that motor development is an active process that arises from the interaction of multiple systems, including the nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and the environment. This perspective highlights the role of experience, exploration, and self-organization in shaping motor skills.

Question 3

The rays of light focused on the eyes are converted into electrical impulses by the

Accepted Answer

The retina is the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells. When light enters the eye, it is focused onto the retina, where it interacts with these cells, causing them to create electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. This process is what enables us to see. Therefore, the correct choice is B, the retina.

Question 4

The ________ reflex occurs when the sole of the foot of an infant is stroked and the infant responds by fanning out the toes and twisting the foot in.

Accepted Answer

The Babinski reflex is a normal reflex in infants, where stroking the sole of their foot leads to fanning out of the toes and twisting in of the foot. This reflex disappears as the child grows older and is replaced by a different response. The Moro reflex is another infant reflex, where the baby reacts to sudden movements or loud noises by arching their back, extending their arms and legs, and then bringing them back in. The rooting reflex is when the baby turns their head towards any touch on their cheek or mouth, usually in an effort to find a nipple for feeding. The swimming reflex is when an infant naturally holds their breath and paddles their arms and legs when submerged in water.

Question 5

Which of the following reflexes has a survival value for newborns,as it enables them to get nourishment before they have associated a nipple with food?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following reflexes has a...

Question 6

According to the dynamic systems view,fine-tuning of a motor skill is accomplished through

Accepted Answer

According to the dynamic systems view, fine-tuning of a motor skill is accomplished through repeated actions. This means that through practice and experience, the individual will develop and refine their motor skills. Brain maturation and genetic programming play a role in the development of motor skills, but they are not the primary means of fine-tuning the skill. Parental supervision may provide guidance and support, but it is not the key factor in the dynamic systems view.

Question 7

The perceptual system used by infants to coordinate grasping varies with age.Four-month-old infants rely greatly on ________ to determine how they will grip an object.

Accepted Answer

Touch is the primary perceptual system used by four-month-old infants to determine how they will grip an object.

Question 8

Which of the following motor skills is achieved in the second year of life in infants?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following motor skills is...

Question 9

According to research,development of a preference for viewing attractive rather than unattractive faces begins

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that newborns exhibit a preference for looking at attractive faces, suggesting that this preference begins shortly after birth.

Question 10

When an infant is placed on his or her back,the infant forms fists with both hands and usually turns his or her head to the right.This reflex is known as the ________ reflex.

Accepted Answer

The tonic neck reflex, also known as the fencing reflex, occurs when an infant is placed on their back and forms fists with both hands while turning their head to one side. This reflex is typically present until around 4-6 months of age. The Babinski reflex involves the toes spreading out and curling in response to the bottom of the foot being stroked. The rooting reflex involves an infant turning towards a stimulus and opening their mouth in preparation for nursing. The grasping reflex involves an infant's fingers closing tightly around an object placed in their hand.

Question 11

The electrical impulses from the retina are transmitted to the visual centers of the brain by the ________ nerve.

Accepted Answer

The optic nerve is responsible for carrying the electrical impulses from the retina to the visual centers of the brain. The auditory nerve is responsible for carrying sound information from the inner ear to the brain, while the spinal nerve is responsible for transmitting information between the spinal cord and the rest of the body. The cochlear nerve is a part of the auditory nerve and specifically carries information related to hearing. Therefore, only option C, the optic nerve, is the correct answer for this question.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a fine motor skill in infants?

Accepted Answer

Grasping is a fine motor skill because it involves using small muscles in the hands and fingers to hold onto objects. Walking, crawling, and creeping are gross motor skills that involve larger muscle groups and movement of the whole body.

Question 13

John,a 2-month-old boy,turns his head toward the side when his cheek is stroked in an effort to find something to suck.The type of reflex exhibited by John is known as the ________ reflex.

Accepted Answer

The rooting reflex is a natural reflex that is exhibited by infants when their cheek is stroked, they turn their head towards that side in order to search for something to suck. This reflex helps newborns find their mother's breast for feeding. The Moro reflex is an involuntary startle reflex, the grasping reflex is a response of the infant's hand when an object is placed in their palm, and the sucking reflex is the automatic reaction of sucking in response to putting something in their mouth.

Question 14

The method used to determine whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuli is known as the ________ method.

Accepted Answer

The method described here is called the visual preference method, which involves presenting infants with two different stimuli and recording the amount of time they spend looking at each one. This allows researchers to determine whether infants can distinguish between the stimuli and which one they prefer to look at. The other choices (stimulus generalization, orienting response, and high-amplitude sucking) are all different methods used to study infant behavior and cognition.

Question 15

Which of the following methods uses a sound generating system to assess an infant's attention to sound?

Accepted Answer

The high-amplitude sucking method involves using a sound generating system to assess an infant's attention to sound. The infant is given a pacifier that is attached to a sound-generating device. The infant's sucking behavior is then measured to determine their level of interest in the sound.

Question 16

A neonatal startle response that occurs in reaction to a sudden,intense noise or movement is called the ________ reflex.

Accepted Answer

The startle response in newborns that involves sudden extension and then flexion of the arms and legs is known as the Moro reflex. It usually occurs in response to a sudden, intense noise or movement.

Question 17

The sensation of hearing occurs when waves of pulsating air are collected by the outer ear and conducted through the bones of the inner ear and the ________,where mechanical vibrations are converted into electrical impulses.

Accepted Answer

The cochlea is a spiral-shaped cavity in the inner ear responsible for converting mechanical vibrations of sound waves into electrical impulses that are sent to the brain for interpretation. The other options, dura mater (a tough membrane that covers the brain), retina (the part of the eye that senses light and sends signals to the brain), and pinna (the outer part of the ear that collects sound waves), are not directly involved in the process of converting sound waves into electrical impulses.

Question 18

________ is the name given to decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Habituation is the name given to decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus. Generalization refers to the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the original stimulus. Operant conditioning involves learning by consequences, while cognitive discrimination involves the ability to distinguish between similar stimuli based on cognitive criteria.

Question 19

Alex was shown a sequence of objects that were of the same size and all resembled a square.After some time,Alex lost interest in those objects.When he was shown a triangular object it suddenly caught his attention,and he started looking at the previous objects again.This change in response in Alex is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Dishabituation refers to the recovery of a previously habituated response due to the introduction of a novel stimulus. In this case, Alex lost interest in the sequence of square objects due to habituation but regained interest when a triangular object was introduced, indicating dishabituation. Sustained attention refers to the ability to maintain focus over a prolonged period. Orientation refers to the initial response to a new stimulus. Visual preference refers to an individual's tendency to prefer looking at certain visual stimuli over others.

Question 20

Which of the following views states that perception brings us into contact with the environment in order to interact with and adapt to it?

Accepted Answer

The ecological view emphasizes the importance of perception in allowing individuals to interact with and adapt to their environment. It suggests that perception is not just a passive process of receiving information, but an active process of exploration and interpretation that allows individuals to engage with their surroundings in a dynamic way.

Quiz 5: Physical Development in Infancy