Question 1

Acetone,a highly volatile liquid,is placed in a closed container.The amount of liquid decreases,but eventually becomes stable.The volume of the closed space above the liquid is increased.The amount of liquid then...

Accepted Answer

When the volume of the closed space above the liquid is increased, the pressure above the liquid decreases. This allows more acetone molecules to escape into the vapor phase, thus decreasing the amount of liquid acetone. This process continues until a new equilibrium is established between the liquid and vapor phases.

Question 2

The total pressure exerted by the oxygen saturated with water vapor is 764 torr at a temperature at which water vapor pressure is 26 torr.Find the partial pressure of the oxygen.

Accepted Answer

The partial pressure of the oxygen can be found by subtracting the water vapor pressure from the total pressure. Therefore, the partial pressure of oxygen is 764 torr - 26 torr = 738 torr.

Question 3

Predict the order in which boiling points of the following hydrides decrease (highest boiling point first,lowest last): PH₃,AsH₃,SbH₃ (As is atomic number 33; Sb is atomic number 51).

Accepted Answer

Boiling points of hydrides generally increase with increasing molecular weight and size of the central atom. As you move down the group from phosphorus (P) to arsenic (As) to antimony (Sb), the size and molecular weight increase, leading to higher boiling points.

Question 4

Identify the most correct statement comparing intermolecular attractions (IMA)in the liquid and gaseous states of the same substance:

Accepted Answer

Intermolecular attractions are weaker in the gaseous state primarily because the molecules are much farther apart compared to their arrangement in the liquid state, reducing the frequency and strength of their interactions.

Question 5

Hydrogen gas can be collected by water displacement when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid.When the container is filled with the hydrogen gas,which of the following is true of the total pressure (P)inside the container?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hydrogen gas can be collected by water...

Question 6

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Smaller intermolecular distances in liquids result in stronger intermolecular forces, when compared to intermolecular distances and forces in gases. This is because the particles are closer together in liquids, allowing for stronger attractions between them. Therefore, statement B is correct. Statement A is incorrect because stronger intermolecular forces are present in liquids. Statement C is incorrect because larger distances between molecules in gases result in weaker intermolecular attractions. Statement D is incorrect because smaller distances between molecules actually result in stronger intermolecular attractions, which is why liquids have stronger intermolecular forces than gases.

Question 7

Acetone,a highly volatile liquid,is placed in an open container.The liquid disappears.The vapor pressure of the acetone in the open container...

Accepted Answer

In an open container, acetone evaporates until its vapor pressure is lower than the equilibrium vapor pressure, as it continuously disperses into the atmosphere.

Question 8

In a gas mixture the partial pressure of helium is 225 torr,of neon,375 torr,and of argon,5 torr.What is the total pressure exerted by the mixture?

Accepted Answer

The total pressure exerted by a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas component. Therefore, total pressure = partial pressure of helium + partial pressure of neon + partial pressure of argon = 225 torr + 375 torr + 5 torr = 605 torr.

Question 9

Which of the following properties of liquids is the least affected by the strength of intermolecular forces?

Accepted Answer

The density of a liquid is determined mainly by the mass and size of its constituent particles and is not significantly influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces. Therefore, the answer is D.

Question 10

With all other factors being equal,which of the following correctly lists intermolecular forces in order of increasing strength?

Accepted Answer

Induced dipole forces are the weakest intermolecular force, followed by dipole forces, and finally hydrogen bonds are the strongest intermolecular force. Therefore, option B is the correct order from weakest to strongest.

Question 11

Examine the structure shown below.  Which of the following is the most important intermolecular forces experienced between this molecule and an identical molecule?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the structure shown below.  Which...

Question 12

Compared to a substance with induced dipole forces,a substance with hydrogen bond generally has:

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds are stronger intermolecular forces than induced dipole forces, leading to a higher normal boiling point and heat of vaporization due to the increased energy required to break these bonds. The stronger intermolecular forces also result in lower vapor pressure, as fewer molecules have enough energy to escape into the vapor phase.

Question 13

Consider the open-ended manometer shown below.In this apparatus the arm on the right is open to the atmosphere and feels the full effect of atmospheric pressure.The pressure in the chemistry lab at the time of this experiment is 755 mm Hg.The flask contains O₂,N₂ and Ne. Which of the following correctly applies to this apparatus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Consider the open-ended manometer shown below.In this...

Question 14

Select from the following the statement that is incorrect or contrary to the generalizations developed in the textbook.

Accepted Answer

Induced dipole forces exist in both polar and nonpolar molecular substances, but they are not the only attractions in polar compounds; polar compounds also exhibit dipole-dipole interactions.

Question 15

Draw the Lewis diagrams of CH₃OH and water,then from the Lewis diagrams,identify the statement among the following that is most apt to be incorrect.

Accepted Answer

The Lewis diagram of CH₃OH shows that it contains sulfur, which has a larger electron cloud and therefore can undergo induced dipole forces. Water does not have any atoms that readily undergo induced dipole forces. Therefore, statement D is most apt to be incorrect. Choices A, B, and C are true statements about both compounds, and choice E is not necessarily true and cannot be determined from just the Lewis diagrams.

Question 16

Considering the molecular mass and polarity influences on physical properties,which of the following predictions about the boiling points of elemental bromine and chlorine fluoride is most apt to be correct?

Accepted Answer

Bromine (Br2) has a higher molecular mass (159.8 g/mol) than chlorine fluoride (ClF, 54.5 g/mol). According to the general rule, substances with higher molecular mass tend to have higher boiling points, so Br2 would be expected to have a higher boiling point than ClF.

However, polarity also affects the boiling point. ClF is a polar molecule due to the electronegativity difference between chlorine and fluorine atoms, which creates a dipole moment in the Cl-F bond. Bromine, on the other hand, is a nonpolar molecule because the two bromine atoms share electrons equally in the bond.

Polar substances experience stronger intermolecular forces due to the attraction between the dipoles. Therefore, ClF is expected to have a higher boiling point than Br2 despite its lower molecular mass.

Therefore, the option that best predicts the boiling points of these substances is (D) Molecular mass predicts Br2 has the higher boiling point, but molecular polarity predicts ClF has the higher boiling point.

Question 17

Acetone,a highly volatile liquid,is placed in a closed container.The amount of liquid decreases,but eventually becomes stable.At that time...

Accepted Answer

At the point where the amount of liquid becomes stable, the system has reached equilibrium. In this state, the rate of evaporation and the rate of condensation are equal, resulting in no further net change in the amount of liquid. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Question 18

If substance X has stronger intermolecular attractions than substance Y,which of the following is most apt to be false?

Accepted Answer

If substance X has stronger intermolecular attractions than substance Y, then it means that it requires more energy to separate the molecules in X than in Y. Therefore, X would have the higher boiling point and higher molar heat of vaporization than Y. Option A and B are both consistent with weaker intermolecular attractions in substance Y, while options D and E are consistent with stronger intermolecular attractions in substance X. Therefore, the only option that is likely false is option C, which suggests that substance Y has a higher boiling point and higher molar heat of vaporization than substance X, which goes against the premise that X has stronger intermolecular attractions.

Question 19

The structural formula for glycerin is shown below.Compare the intermolecular forces in glycerin with those in n-hexane,C₆H₁₄,in which all carbons are in a continuous chain.Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The structural formula for glycerin is shown...

Question 20

The kinetic molecular theory as applied to liquids differs in two major ways from the theory as applied to gases.One of these is that:

Accepted Answer

The attractive forces between molecules become significant in the kinetic molecular theory as applied to liquids, which is not the case in the theory as applied to gases. This is because the molecules are closer together and have fewer degrees of freedom to move, making the forces between them more important. The other choices are incorrect because molecules still appear as discrete particles, energy changes still result from collisions, molecules are still in motion, and forces between molecules are still electrostatic in character (just with a different magnitude).

Quiz 15: Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Acetone,a highly volatile liquid,is placed in a closed container.The amount of liquid decreases,but eventually becomes stable.The volume of the closed space above the liquid is increased.The amount of liquid then...

The total pressure exerted by the oxygen saturated with water vapor is 764 torr at a temperature at which water vapor pressure is 26 torr.Find the partial pressure of the oxygen.

Predict the order in which boiling points of the following hydrides decrease (highest boiling point first,lowest last) : PH₃,AsH₃,SbH₃ (As is atomic number 33; Sb is atomic number 51) .

Identify the most correct statement comparing intermolecular attractions (IMA) in the liquid and gaseous states of the same substance:

Hydrogen gas can be collected by water displacement when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid.When the container is filled with the hydrogen gas,which of the following is true of the total pressure (P) inside the container?

Which of the following statements is correct?

Acetone,a highly volatile liquid,is placed in an open container.The liquid disappears.The vapor pressure of the acetone in the open container...

In a gas mixture the partial pressure of helium is 225 torr,of neon,375 torr,and of argon,5 torr.What is the total pressure exerted by the mixture?

Which of the following properties of liquids is the least affected by the strength of intermolecular forces?

With all other factors being equal,which of the following correctly lists intermolecular forces in order of increasing strength?

Examine the structure shown below. Which of the following is the most important intermolecular forces experienced between this molecule and an identical molecule?

Compared to a substance with induced dipole forces,a substance with hydrogen bond generally has:

Select from the following the statement that is incorrect or contrary to the generalizations developed in the textbook.

Draw the Lewis diagrams of CH₃OH and water,then from the Lewis diagrams,identify the statement among the following that is most apt to be incorrect.

Considering the molecular mass and polarity influences on physical properties,which of the following predictions about the boiling points of elemental bromine and chlorine fluoride is most apt to be correct?

Acetone,a highly volatile liquid,is placed in a closed container.The amount of liquid decreases,but eventually becomes stable.At that time...

If substance X has stronger intermolecular attractions than substance Y,which of the following is most apt to be false?

The structural formula for glycerin is shown below.Compare the intermolecular forces in glycerin with those in n-hexane,C₆H₁₄,in which all carbons are in a continuous chain.Which of the following statements is true?

The kinetic molecular theory as applied to liquids differs in two major ways from the theory as applied to gases.One of these is that:

Quiz 15: Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Acetone,a highly volatile liquid,is placed in a closed container.The amount of liquid decreases,but eventually becomes stable.The volume of the closed space above the liquid is increased.The amount of liquid then...

The total pressure exerted by the oxygen saturated with water vapor is 764 torr at a temperature at which water vapor pressure is 26 torr.Find the partial pressure of the oxygen.

Predict the order in which boiling points of the following hydrides decrease (highest boiling point first,lowest last) : PH3,AsH3,SbH3 (As is atomic number 33; Sb is atomic number 51) .

Identify the most correct statement comparing intermolecular attractions (IMA) in the liquid and gaseous states of the same substance:

Hydrogen gas can be collected by water displacement when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid.When the container is filled with the hydrogen gas,which of the following is true of the total pressure (P) inside the container?

Which of the following statements is correct?

Acetone,a highly volatile liquid,is placed in an open container.The liquid disappears.The vapor pressure of the acetone in the open container...

In a gas mixture the partial pressure of helium is 225 torr,of neon,375 torr,and of argon,5 torr.What is the total pressure exerted by the mixture?

Which of the following properties of liquids is the least affected by the strength of intermolecular forces?

With all other factors being equal,which of the following correctly lists intermolecular forces in order of increasing strength?

Examine the structure shown below. Which of the following is the most important intermolecular forces experienced between this molecule and an identical molecule?

Compared to a substance with induced dipole forces,a substance with hydrogen bond generally has:

Select from the following the statement that is incorrect or contrary to the generalizations developed in the textbook.

Draw the Lewis diagrams of CH3OH and water,then from the Lewis diagrams,identify the statement among the following that is most apt to be incorrect.

Considering the molecular mass and polarity influences on physical properties,which of the following predictions about the boiling points of elemental bromine and chlorine fluoride is most apt to be correct?

Acetone,a highly volatile liquid,is placed in a closed container.The amount of liquid decreases,but eventually becomes stable.At that time...

If substance X has stronger intermolecular attractions than substance Y,which of the following is most apt to be false?

The structural formula for glycerin is shown below.Compare the intermolecular forces in glycerin with those in n-hexane,C6H14,in which all carbons are in a continuous chain.Which of the following statements is true?

The kinetic molecular theory as applied to liquids differs in two major ways from the theory as applied to gases.One of these is that:

Predict the order in which boiling points of the following hydrides decrease (highest boiling point first,lowest last) : PH₃,AsH₃,SbH₃ (As is atomic number 33; Sb is atomic number 51) .

Draw the Lewis diagrams of CH₃OH and water,then from the Lewis diagrams,identify the statement among the following that is most apt to be incorrect.

The structural formula for glycerin is shown below.Compare the intermolecular forces in glycerin with those in n-hexane,C₆H₁₄,in which all carbons are in a continuous chain.Which of the following statements is true?