In a Grocery Store's "Valued Customer" Program,every Shopper Gets a Card

In a grocery store's "valued customer" program,every shopper gets a card that he or she presents to the clerk in the checkout aisle.The card is scanned along with the customer's groceries.The store's computer system tracks each shopper's purchases and automatically provides special "valued customer" discounts.Every month,the customers in the program receive a newsletter containing coupons that are based on the customer's purchase history.For example,someone purchasing a lot of baby formula and disposable diapers might get a coupon for a free box of baby wipes.Which of the following types of research represents this valued customer program?

A) questioning
B) experimentation
C) observation
D) online surveys
E) personal interviews