Question 1

Which of the following activities can be used to describe the scientific method?
A) Playing checkers
B) Watching Jeopardy
C) Playing chess
D) Solving puzzles
E) Investing in stocks

Accepted Answer

Solving puzzles can involve observations, generating hypotheses, testing them through experimentation, and analyzing results, all of which are steps of the scientific method.

Question 2

Bill often feels insecure about how others view him.To increase his feelings of self-esteem,Bill often buys expensive,luxury items.Self-esteem is an example of a _____.
A) construct
B) fact
C) concept
D) theory
E) model

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem is a psychological construct, which refers to an individual's subjective evaluation of their worth and value. It is not a fact that can be objectively verified, nor is it a theory or model. It is a concept that exists within the individual's mind and is shaped by their beliefs, experiences, and interactions with others.

Question 3

Direct observation of phenomena,empirically testable hypotheses,and the ability to rule out rival hypotheses are all essential tenets of the _____.
A) experiential method
B) scientific method
C) intuitive process
D) strategic management process
E) account planning philosophy

Accepted Answer

Direct observation of phenomena, empirically testable hypotheses, and the ability to rule out rival hypotheses are all fundamental characteristics of the scientific method. The other options listed do not necessarily prioritize empirical evidence and objective testing in the same way as the scientific method.

Question 4

_____ is said to denote observations and propositions based on sensory experience and/or derived from such experience by methods of inductive logic.
A) Empiricism
B) Scientific management
C) Exposition
D) Deduction
E) Propositional research

Accepted Answer

Empiricism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of empirical evidence or sensory experience in the formation of knowledge. It employs methods of inductive logic to derive propositions based on observations and sensory experience. Scientific management is a theory of management that focuses on improving efficiency and productivity through scientific methods and procedures. Exposition is the act of explaining or presenting a concept or idea in detail. Deduction is a method of reasoning where specific principles are used to draw logical conclusions from given premises. Propositional research refers to research that seeks to test specific propositions or hypotheses.

Question 5

The statement,"Sales in Pacific Timber Products have increased in the past six months," is an example of a(n)_____.
A) inductive argument
B) deductive argument
C) exposition
D) research question
E) proposition

Accepted Answer

The answer of The statement,"Sales in Pacific Timber Products have...

Question 6

_____ is a form of reasoning that draws a conclusion from one or more particular facts or pieces of evidence.
A) Induction
B) Deduction
C) Empiricism
D) Logic
E) Association

Accepted Answer

Induction is the process of reasoning that involves drawing general conclusions from specific observations or instances.

Question 7

Jack observes his neighbor's purchase behavior with new automobiles.His neighbor purchases a new car every year and always seems to have a nicer model than the year before.Jack thinks the dealership must sell to his neighbor's fascination with new car styles.In this example,interest in new car styles is a _____.
A) construct
B) fact
C) concept
D) theory
E) model

Accepted Answer

Interest in new car styles is a concept because it is an abstract idea or general notion, rather than a specific fact, theory, or model.

Question 8

Consider the following statements: "Inner-city household interviewing is especially difficult and expensive.This survey involves substantial inner-city household interviewing.The interviewing in this survey will be especially difficult and expensive." This is an example of a(n)_____.
A) empirical argument
B) inductive argument
C) exposition
D) deductive argument
E) hypothesis

Accepted Answer

This is a deductive argument because it starts with a general premise ("Inner-city household interviewing is especially difficult and expensive") and uses it to make a specific conclusion about the survey ("The interviewing in this survey will be especially difficult and expensive").

Question 9

Consider the following example: "Retail sales increases in the 2005 holiday season were below projections.Sales were disappointing because consumers were not confident about economic growth." This is an example of a(n)_____.
A) inductive argument
B) deductive argument
C) empirical argument
D) fact
E) premise

Accepted Answer

This is an example of an inductive argument because it makes a generalization based on specific observations. The observation is that retail sales increases were below projections, and from this, it generalizes that the cause was a lack of consumer confidence about economic growth. Inductive arguments move from specific instances to broader generalizations.

Question 10

Which form of argument presents a conclusion based on reasons or proof?
A) Induction
B) Deduction
C) Logic
D) Philosophy
E) Exposition

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning presents a conclusion based on previously established premises, making it a form of argument that is based on reasons or proof. Inductive reasoning, on the other hand, presents a conclusion that is probable based on observed patterns or experiences. Logic and philosophy are broader concepts that can encompass both deduction and induction as well as other forms of reasoning. Exposition refers to the act of explaining something and does not necessarily involve argumentation or reasoning.

Question 11

_____ is the process by which we test whether a hypothesis is capable of explaining the fact.
A) Deduction
B) Induction
C) Exposition
D) Empiricism
E) Curiosity

Accepted Answer

Deduction is the process of testing a hypothesis by making predictions from it and then seeing if those predictions are true.

Question 12

Which term below refers to a bundle of meanings or characteristics associated with certain concrete,unambiguous events,objects,conditions,or situations?
A) Variable
B) Construct
C) Concept
D) Theory
E) Model

Accepted Answer

A concept refers to a bundle of meanings or characteristics associated with certain concrete, unambiguous events, objects, conditions, or situations.Variables refer to any characteristic or attribute that can assume different values or be measured in research. A construct is an explanatory variable. A theory is a general explanation of a set of facts or phenomena. A model is a simplified representation of reality.

Question 13

Which of the following is a requirement for a deduction to be considered correct?
A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Inference
D) Empiricism
E) Conclusiveness

Accepted Answer

Validity is the requirement for a deduction to be considered correct. Validity refers to the deductive argument being logically sound and based on true premises. Reliability, inference, empiricism, and conclusiveness are important factors in deductive reasoning but validity is the most critical requirement.

Question 14

Concepts are more _____,while constructs are more _____.
A) concrete; abstract
B) abstract; concrete
C) intangible; tangible
D) conceptual; factual
E) intuitive; logical

Accepted Answer

Concepts are abstract ideas or mental representations, while constructs are concepts that have been operationalized or made tangible through measurement or observation. Therefore, concepts are more abstract, while constructs are more concrete.

Question 15

Because of the nature of induction,the conclusion can be thought of as _____.
A) fact
B) one explanation among many
C) proof
D) evidence
E) empirical

Accepted Answer

Induction involves making a generalization based on a limited set of observations. As such, the conclusion can be considered one possible explanation among many possible explanations, rather than a proven fact or proof. Inductive reasoning provides evidence for a conclusion but does not guarantee its truth. Therefore, choice B is the best option.

Question 16

_____ is a form of argument that purports to be conclusive - the conclusion must necessarily follow from the reasons given.
A) Induction
B) Deduction
C) Logic
D) Philosophy
E) Exposition

Accepted Answer

Deduction is the only form of argument where the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises or reasons given. Induction is a weaker form of argument where the conclusion is only probable. Logic and philosophy are broader fields that include many types of argumentation, not just deduction. Exposition refers to a style of writing or communication, not a particular form of argument.

Question 17

A _____ is an image or abstract idea specifically invented for a given research and/or theory-building purpose.
A) variable
B) construct
C) concept
D) theory
E) model

Accepted Answer

Constructs are specific ideas or concepts developed for research purposes, often used in theoretical frameworks or models.

Question 18

Automobile is a(n)_____ concept,while service quality is a(n)_____ concept.
A) abstract; objective
B) subjective; objective
C) intangible; tangible
D) objective; abstract
E) factual; perceptual

Accepted Answer

Automobile is an objective concept because it refers to a physical object that can be seen, touched, and measured. Service quality, on the other hand, is an abstract concept because it refers to the intangible aspects of services, such as customer satisfaction and perception, which cannot be directly measured in the same way as physical objects.

Question 19

Abstract concepts such as personality,need for variety,and materialism are often called _____.
A) variables
B) constructs
C) concepts
D) theories
E) models

Accepted Answer

Abstract concepts like personality, need for variety, and materialism are not directly observable and measurable, hence they are considered constructs in psychology. Constructs are theoretical concepts that are used to explain behavior and cannot be directly observed or measured.

Question 20

_____ occurs when we observe a fact and ask,"Why is this?"
A) Deduction
B) Induction
C) Exposition
D) Empiricism
E) Curiosity

Accepted Answer

Induction involves observing a fact or a set of facts and drawing a generalized conclusion from them. When we observe a fact and ask "why" it is happening or what the implications are, we engage in inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning, on the other hand, starts with a general premise and uses logic to draw a specific conclusion. Exposition refers to the process of presenting or explaining an idea or concept. Empiricism is the belief that knowledge comes from direct sensory experience. Curiosity is a general attitude or approach to learning but does not specifically refer to the process of asking "why" or engaging in inductive reasoning.

Quiz 3: Thinking Like a Researcher

Which of the following activities can be used to describe the scientific method?

Bill often feels insecure about how others view him.To increase his feelings of self-esteem,Bill often buys expensive,luxury items.Self-esteem is an example of a _____.

Direct observation of phenomena,empirically testable hypotheses,and the ability to rule out rival hypotheses are all essential tenets of the _____.

_____ is said to denote observations and propositions based on sensory experience and/or derived from such experience by methods of inductive logic.

The statement,"Sales in Pacific Timber Products have increased in the past six months," is an example of a(n) _____.

_____ is a form of reasoning that draws a conclusion from one or more particular facts or pieces of evidence.

Consider the following statements: "Inner-city household interviewing is especially difficult and expensive.This survey involves substantial inner-city household interviewing.The interviewing in this survey will be especially difficult and expensive." This is an example of a(n) _____.

Consider the following example: "Retail sales increases in the 2005 holiday season were below projections.Sales were disappointing because consumers were not confident about economic growth." This is an example of a(n) _____.

Which form of argument presents a conclusion based on reasons or proof?

_____ is the process by which we test whether a hypothesis is capable of explaining the fact.

Which term below refers to a bundle of meanings or characteristics associated with certain concrete,unambiguous events,objects,conditions,or situations?

Which of the following is a requirement for a deduction to be considered correct?

Concepts are more _,while constructs are more _.

Because of the nature of induction,the conclusion can be thought of as _____.

_____ is a form of argument that purports to be conclusive - the conclusion must necessarily follow from the reasons given.

A _____ is an image or abstract idea specifically invented for a given research and/or theory-building purpose.

Automobile is a(n) _ concept,while service quality is a(n) _ concept.

Abstract concepts such as personality,need for variety,and materialism are often called _____.

_____ occurs when we observe a fact and ask,"Why is this?"