Question 1

The idea that personality traits influence which situations people put themselves in is known as

Accepted Answer

Situational selection refers to the tendency of individuals to choose the situations or environments that are consistent with their personality traits. For example, someone who is outgoing and extraverted might be more likely to choose social gatherings and parties as compared to someone who is introverted and prefers to stay at home. This idea suggests that personality traits can shape the kind of situations people put themselves in.

Question 2

A person who intentionally charms others to get what he or she wants demonstrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

The concept being demonstrated is manipulation, which involves using charm or other tactics to influence others to do what the manipulator wants. Situational selection refers to adjusting behavior based on the situation, evocation refers to bringing out certain reactions or behaviors in others, and aggregation refers to combining multiple sources of information or data.

Question 3

Single measures of behavior

Accepted Answer

The answer of Single measures of behavior
...

Question 4

_____ refers to adding up or averaging several single observations of behavior to assess personality.

Accepted Answer

Aggregation refers to combining multiple observations or measurements of a personality trait or behavior to arrive at a more accurate and reliable assessment of that trait. This technique helps to reduce the impact of random, situational factors and provides a more reliable estimate of an individual's typical behavior.

Question 5

The concept of aggregation suggests that traits are

Accepted Answer

Aggregation suggests that traits are average tendencies, meaning they describe a person's general patterns of behavior rather than specific internal causes or blended concepts.

Question 6

Whenever Ling walks into a room everyone always smiles and seeks him out for conversation.He does not understand why people react to him that that way.Most likely Ling is demonstrating the idea of

Accepted Answer

Ling is evoking a positive response from others without consciously trying to do so.

Question 7

You call your parents and tell them about a terrific opportunity you have been given by your university to go to an important conference.You tell your parents about all of the opportunities for career development and networking that the conference will offer.Then, you tell your parents that you need only $500 from them to make the trip.You are demonstrating the concept of

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes the act of convincing or persuading one's parents to provide financial support for a conference. This is an example of manipulation because the speaker is trying to influence their parents' behavior to obtain a personal benefit.

Question 8

Andrea likes to draw pictures, enjoys solving complex mathematical problems, and enjoys building things.Her decision to major in architecture would best demonstrates

Accepted Answer

Situational selection refers to the process of choosing situations that fit one's personality traits, interests, and values. Andrea's decision to major in architecture shows that she has selected a field that aligns with her interests and skills.

Question 9

A person who acts aggressively and often finds himself in uncomfortable conflicts demonstrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

This person is exhibiting the psychological concept of evocation, which occurs when a person's behavior elicits a particular response from others. In this case, the person's aggression is likely causing others to respond negatively and leading to uncomfortable conflicts. Situational selection refers to a person choosing certain situations based on their personality, manipulation involves intentional deception or control, and aggregation involves combining multiple variables.

Question 10

After spending time in this class you notice the wide range of personalities in your family while attending a family gathering.During the gathering at Aunt Millie's home she insists on everyone singing traditional holiday songs together.The neurotic, the extraverted, the shy, the anxious, the open, and all of the other personality types in your family join in song at Aunt Millie's request.Her success at getting all of these personalities to join in song is due to the

Accepted Answer

A strong situation is one where there are clear expectations and pressures that lead to uniform behavior, such as Aunt Millie's insistence on singing together, which overrides individual personality differences.

Question 11

Which of the following might NOT explain why a person often acts in a friendly manner?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following might NOT explain...

Question 12

The correlation between _____ and ____ would likely be the highest.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The correlation between _____ and ____ would...

Question 13

_____ is the concept that refers to the idea that a person may act in a certain way only in particular circumstances.

Accepted Answer

Situational specificity is the concept that suggests that a person's behavior can be influenced by situational factors. It implies that the behavior of an individual may not necessarily be the same across different situations, and that external factors can play a significant role in shaping behavior. The other options are unrelated concepts - faking response refers to the act of providing false information or responses, extreme responding is the tendency to provide extreme or exaggerated responses, and aggregation refers to the process of combining multiple measurements or observations into a single score or statistic.

Question 14

The main difference between evocation and manipulation is that

Accepted Answer

Evocation refers to bringing forth certain emotions or reactions in others through non-manipulative means, whereas manipulation involves intentionally influencing or controlling others through deceptive or manipulative tactics. Therefore, option C correctly highlights the key difference between the two concepts - the fact that manipulation involves intentionality while evocation does not.

Question 15

You are in a traffic jam and are not able to discern the cause of the delay.While waiting you observe the behavior of the individuals in the cars around you.The angry woman is honking her horn.The narcissistic man is carefully combing his hair.A patient girl is sitting back calmly listening to music.And you're thinking your analytic skills are going to make you a great psychologist! The variety of behaviors being exhibited by the drivers in this situation are most likely due to the

Accepted Answer

The variety of behaviors is likely due to the ambiguity of the situation, as people often react differently when the cause of a delay is unclear.

Question 16

Aggregation usually results in a

Accepted Answer

Aggregation combines multiple behaviors or measures to create a more reliable overall measure. This is because any errors in individual behaviors are likely to cancel out or average out when aggregated. Therefore, the aggregated measure is typically more reliable than a single behavior.

Question 17

Peter is a very brave man, but otherwise a laid-back guy.One day he hears tires squealing and metal crashing.He turns to the street, and upon seeing an accident, rescues a young child from one of the cars involved in the accident.The combination of Peter's trait of bravery and the dangerous situation illustrate the idea of situational

Accepted Answer

Situational specificity refers to the idea that behavior is influenced by the specific situation or context in which it occurs. In this scenario, Peter's bravery was elicited by the specific situation of the car accident, demonstrating the concept of situational specificity.

Question 18

Personality is likely to have the least effect on behavior

Accepted Answer

Personality traits may have less influence on behavior in strong situations where there are clear expectations and social norms that dictate how one should behave. In such situations, social pressures may outweigh the influence of personality.

Question 19

A study by Diener et al.discussed in the text did NOT find that

Accepted Answer

The study found that people selected the same types of situations when wearing pagers as they usually did, not different situations. Therefore, option D is incorrect. The study did find that people who scored high on the need for achievement spent more time working and that extraverts spent more time engaging in social forms of recreation. Additionally, the study found that individuals' personalities were related to the situations they were in.

Question 20

Which of the following assessments would you expect to be the best predictor of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A long questionnaire is likely to provide a more comprehensive understanding of behavior patterns, preferences, and tendencies, making it a better predictor of behavior compared to a single observation, short questionnaire, or single experiment.

Quiz 4: Theoretical and Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology