Question 1

In Spanish-speaking Latin America,social scientists and politicians favor which term over indio (Indian),the colonial term that the Spanish and Portuguese conquerors used to refer to the native inhabitants of the Americas?

Accepted Answer

Social scientists and politicians in Spanish-speaking Latin America favor the term "indígena" (indigenous person) over "indio" (Indian) because the latter is seen as a colonial term that carries negative connotations and lacks the respect and recognition that "indigenous person" implies. Using "indígena" acknowledges the important presence and contributions of native populations in Latin America and helps promote their rights and cultural diversity.

Question 2

Deforestation helps cool the planet by allowing more sunlight to be reflected back into space.

Accepted Answer

Deforestation can increase the albedo effect, where more sunlight is reflected back into space due to the lighter color of surfaces like bare soil or snow compared to dark forest canopies, potentially leading to localized cooling. However, this effect is often outweighed by the loss of carbon sequestration and other negative impacts of deforestation.

Question 3

Social movements worldwide have adopted which term as a self-identifying and political label based on past oppression but now legitimizing a search for social,cultural,and political rights?

Accepted Answer

The term "indigenous people" has been adopted by social movements worldwide as a self-identifying and political label based on past oppression but now legitimizing a search for social, cultural, and political rights. This term is specifically used to refer to groups who are the original inhabitants of a particular geographic region and who have maintained their distinct cultural and social characteristics despite centuries of colonization and marginalization.

Question 4

________ is any society's set of environmental practices and perceptions-that is,its cultural model of the environment and its relation to people and society.

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question perfectly matches the concept of ethnoecology. Ethnoecology is the study of how people perceive and interact with their environment, considering the role of culture in shaping their practices and beliefs. It analyzes the cultural models that any society has of the environment and the values and knowledge embedded in their practices.

Question 5

Diseases that spread from animals to humans are known as zoonotic diseases.

Accepted Answer

Zoonotic diseases are defined as diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans.

Question 6

Ethnoecology is any society's set of environmental practices and perceptions-that is,its cultural model of the environment and its relation to people and society.

Accepted Answer

Ethnoecology is the study of a particular society's environmental practices and beliefs, and how they relate to its culture and people. It involves examining the interactions between humans and the environment in a cultural context. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 7

Global warming is primarily due to increased solar radiation,not human activity.

Accepted Answer

Global warming is primarily due to increased greenhouse gas emissions from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. While solar radiation plays a role in climate, it is not the primary cause of the current warming trend observed in the Earth's climate system.

Question 8

________ refers to the blurring and breakdown of established canons-rules,standards,categories,distinctions,and boundaries.

Accepted Answer

This definition of blurring and breakdown of established canons, rules, standards, categories, distinctions, and boundaries is a hallmark of postmodernism. Postmodernism rejects the idea of absolute truths and encourages the questioning of established norms and values. It often involves the mixing of different styles, genres, and cultural references.

Question 9

When people are asked to give up the basis of their livelihood,they usually comply,especially if they are paid money.

Accepted Answer

People often resist giving up the basis of their livelihood, especially if it is a significant part of their identity or culture, even when offered money. The attachment to their livelihood goes beyond financial aspects, encompassing social, cultural, and personal values.

Question 10

Although anthropologists may be interested in contemporary global issues such as climate change,their perspective is necessarily limited to the local scale of their fieldwork.

Accepted Answer

While anthropologists do focus on local fieldwork, they often use this research to draw global conclusions and address global issues. Anthropology as a discipline is concerned with understanding human societies and cultures across space and time, and as such, it has been instrumental in addressing many contemporary global issues such as globalization, environmental sustainability, and human rights.

Question 11

Worldwide,concern about environmental and technological risks is more developed in groups that are less endangered by those risks.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the risk perception paradox. Research has shown that people who are more affluent and have higher social status are more likely to be concerned about long-term risks, such as climate change, while those who are facing more immediate and tangible risks may prioritize short-term solutions to these problems.

Question 12

The spread of environmentalism may expose radically different notions about the rights and values of plants and animals versus humans.Fortunately,it is clear to everyone that certain animal rights trump other rights.

Accepted Answer

The spread of environmentalism indeed exposes different notions about the rights and values of plants, animals, and humans. However, it is not clear to everyone that certain animal rights trump other rights, as opinions on this matter vary greatly among individuals, cultures, and legal systems.

Question 13

Development projects usually fail when they try to replace indigenous institutions with culturally alien concepts.

Accepted Answer

Development projects often fail when they attempt to impose foreign concepts and institutions that do not align with the local community's cultural beliefs and practices. This approach can lead to resistance, lack of participation, and ultimately project failure. It is, therefore, critical to recognize and leverage indigenous institutions and practices to ensure the sustainability and success of development initiatives.

Question 14

Scientists prefer the term climate change to global warming.Climate change points out that,beyond rising temperatures,there have been changes in sea levels,precipitation,storms,and ecosystem effects.

Accepted Answer

The statement is correct. Scientists believe that "climate change" is a more accurate and encompassing term than "global warming" as it refers to the overall impact of anthropogenic activities on the Earth's climate system, including changes in temperature, rainfall patterns, storms, and sea level rise.

Question 15

The last 30 years have seen a dramatic shift in the conditions of indigenous peoples in Latin America,where the drive by indigenous peoples for self-identification has emphasized all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The other options, political reforms involving restructuring of the state, cultural distinctiveness, limited self-government, and sustainable development and political representation, all align with the drive for self-identification by indigenous peoples in Latin America. However, the call for excluding strangers goes against the principles of the indigenous movement, which aim for social justice and intercultural dialogue.

Question 16

Contemporary,applied ecological anthropologists work to plan and implement policies aimed at environmental preservation.They also advocate for people who are at risk,actually or potentially.One of the roles for today's environmental anthropologist is to assess the extent and nature of risk perception and to harness that awareness to combat environmental degradation.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the role of contemporary, applied ecological anthropologists in advocating for environmental preservation and at-risk populations.

Question 17

Identities are

Accepted Answer

Identities are not fixed and can change over time and in different contexts. They can also be multiple, as individuals may identify with different identities based on different aspects of themselves.

Question 18

Although acculturation can be applied to any case of cultural contact and change,the term most often has described Westernization,the positive influence of Western expansion that has spread democratic and capitalistic values to those less fortunate.

Accepted Answer

Acculturation refers to the process of cultural change and psychological change that results following meeting between cultures. The term does not inherently describe Westernization or imply a positive influence of Western expansion spreading democratic and capitalistic values. It is a neutral process that can involve various cultures coming into contact and influencing each other in multiple ways, not just Western influence on other cultures.

Question 19

Unlike indigenous peoples,the term ________ highlights the prominence that the exclusion of strangers has assumed in day-to-day politics worldwide and has been claimed by majority groups in Europe.

Accepted Answer

The term "autochthon" emphasizes the exclusion of strangers and has been claimed by majority groups in Europe, unlike the term "indigenous people" which refers to native inhabitants of a region. "Mestizo" and "Euroindio" are terms related to mixed heritage, while "freedom fighter" refers to someone fighting for political freedom or equality.

Question 20

________ describes the process of viewing an identity as established,real,and frozen,so as to hide the historical processes and politics within which that identity developed.

Accepted Answer

Essentialism refers to the reductionist view of seeing an identity as a fixed trait or feature, without taking into account the historical, cultural, and political contexts in which that identity was constructed. This process obscures the multiplicity, complexity, and fluidity of identities, and reinforces stereotypes, inequality, and discrimination.

Quiz 24: Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

In Spanish-speaking Latin America,social scientists and politicians favor which term over indio (Indian) ,the colonial term that the Spanish and Portuguese conquerors used to refer to the native inhabitants of the Americas?