Question 1

Horace's dad is teaching him how to drive a standard car.Horace's dad is imparting ______ ______ to Horace.

Accepted Answer

Procedural knowledge refers to knowledge of how to perform a task or skill, such as driving a car. Horace's dad is teaching him the specific procedures and techniques required to operate a standard car.

Question 2

Information-processing researchers have identified two categories of measurable change in adolescent cognition.These categories are

Accepted Answer

The two categories of measurable change in adolescent cognition identified by information-processing researchers are structural and functional changes. Structural changes refer to changes in brain development, while functional changes refer to changes in information processing and cognitive abilities. The other answer options (A, C, and D) do not accurately reflect the identified categories.

Question 3

Casey proudly states that the capital of Florida is Tallahassee.Casey is demonstrating his

Accepted Answer

Declarative knowledge refers to the ability to state facts or information about a topic. Casey's statement that the capital of Florida is Tallahassee shows his ability to declare knowledge about the state of Florida.

Question 4

The awareness and monitoring of one's own mental processes and strategies is called

Accepted Answer

Metacognition refers to the process of thinking about and monitoring one's own cognitive processes. It involves being aware of one's thoughts, knowledge, and strategies and how they are used to process new information or solve problems. Option A (cognition) refers to the general category of mental processes, whereas option C (bilateral cognition) is not a recognized term in psychology. Option D (processing) is too broad and does not specifically refer to the monitoring of one's own mental processes.

Question 5

Most adolescents function at which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg, most adolescents function at the stage of morality of conventional role conformity, which means they adhere to societal and cultural norms and laws, and seek approval from people in authority.

Question 6

Which of the following is a central organizing experience in most adolescents' lives?

Accepted Answer

School is a central organizing experience in most adolescents' lives due to the fact that adolescents spend a significant amount of time in school, with peers and teachers being key figures in their social lives and development. While aspects of home, church, and family may also be important, they are not as consistently present in all adolescents' lives.

Question 7

The fact that Cameron can respond to the question,"What do you think would happen if all the oceans dried up?" suggests that Cameron is capable of

Accepted Answer

Responding to hypothetical scenarios, such as what would happen if all the oceans dried up, requires formal operational thought. This stage, identified by Piaget, involves the ability to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical situations.

Question 8

Vance understands why rainfall amounts affect different types of vegetation positively and others negatively.Vance is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Vance's understanding of how rainfall amounts affect vegetation is an example of conceptual knowledge, which is the understanding of the underlying concepts and principles that govern a particular subject area.

Question 9

With formal thought,adolescents are able to

Accepted Answer

With formal thought, adolescents are able to engage in social-perspective taking, which involves understanding different viewpoints and considering multiple perspectives. They are also able to define and discuss abstract concepts such as love, justice, and freedom. This increased cognitive flexibility allows them to communicate effectively with both adults and peers, potentially using different language styles depending on the situation. Therefore, all of these options are correct.

Question 10

According to the text,Piaget's theory considers all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The text does not mention moral considerations as a significant aspect of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 11

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning is a cognitive ability associated with formal operational thought, which develops during adolescence and enables individuals to systematically generate and test hypotheses, use logic and deductive reasoning to draw conclusions, and engage in abstract thinking. Preoperational thought (A) is characterized by egocentrism and lack of conservation, while sensorimotor thought (B) is focused on sensory experiences and motor actions. Concrete operational thought (C) involves the ability to reason logically about concrete objects and events but not to generate and test hypotheses systematically.

Question 12

While many acknowledge that Piaget's theory captured some of the nature of adolescent thinking,critics argue that his theory does not account for

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory does indeed account for symbolic, abstract, and logical thinking, particularly in its final stage (formal operational stage), where adolescents and adults are said to be capable of abstract and logical reasoning. However, critics argue that Piaget's theory does not sufficiently address metacognition, which is the awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. Metacognition is a critical aspect of cognitive development that goes beyond Piaget's descriptions, involving higher-order thinking skills not fully captured by his stages.

Question 13

According to research described in the text,parents of high school students who earned the highest grades were likely to be

Accepted Answer

The text states that parents of high school students who earned the highest grades were likely to be authoritative. This parenting style is characterized by setting clear expectations and guidelines while also providing warmth, support, and open communication with their children.

Question 14

Asian American students,on average,get higher grades and score higher on achievement tests than white students,because

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the high academic achievement of Asian American students is largely attributed to the value and emphasis placed on education and achievement by their parents and peers. This emphasis on academic success is reinforced through cultural values such as respect for authority and hard work, as well as a strong emphasis on education as a means of upward mobility. It is important to note that intelligence is not innate, and that cultural and environmental factors play a significant role in academic achievement. There is also no evidence to support option B, which is a harmful stereotype about Asian Americans.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about gender as a factor in occupational choice is true?

Accepted Answer

While gender-typing in occupational choice has decreased, some counselors and other factors (such as societal expectations) can still steer boys and girls towards gender-typed careers.

Question 16

Ron has internalized the moral standards of his parents and grandparents.He is concerned with being considered a good son and maintaining the social order.According to Kohlberg,Ron is in the stage of the

Accepted Answer

Ron's focus on conforming to societal norms and being a good son aligns with the morality of conventional role conformity, which is the second stage of Kohlberg's moral development theory. This stage involves individuals upholding the rules and expectations of their society and seeking approval from authorities and peers.

Question 17

Jaron just scored poorly on his SAT.If Jaron has high self-efficacy,he will likely

Accepted Answer

If Jaron has high self-efficacy, he believes that his abilities can improve with effort and believes in his ability to overcome challenges. Therefore, he is likely to decide to study harder and retake the SAT to improve his score.

Question 18

According to Gilligan,the moral reasoning of males focuses on _______________,whereas the moral reasoning of females is concerned with ______.

Accepted Answer

Gilligan proposed that males focus on justice and rights in their moral reasoning, whereas females are concerned with the issue of care and the well-being of others. Therefore, option B - justice and showing care - is the best answer. Option A, responsibility and justice, is partially correct in terms of males' moral reasoning but does not reflect female moral reasoning. Option C, avoiding harm and avoiding blame, may be a part of moral reasoning, but it does not fully capture the essence of the question. Option D, punishments and rewards, is not related to moral reasoning, but rather to consequences of actions.

Question 19

Carol Gilligan criticized Kohlberg's description of moral development because

Accepted Answer

Carol Gilligan criticized Kohlberg's description of moral development because he focuses on values more important to males than females. Gilligan argued that women prioritize values such as caring, relationships, and interconnectedness, which were not emphasized in Kohlberg's theory. She proposed an alternative theory of moral development that emphasized the importance of these values for both men and women.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's system is based on research conducted primarily in Western cultures and may not accurately represent moral reasoning in non-Western cultures.

Quiz 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Horace's dad is teaching him how to drive a standard car.Horace's dad is imparting to Horace.