Question 1

Repetition of information to be held in memory is called

Accepted Answer

Repetition of information to be held in memory is called rehearsal. Organization refers to grouping information in a meaningful way, elaboration refers to adding details to information, and encoding refers to the initial process of taking in and processing new information.

Question 2

Susan is given a list of names of students from her school to remember.To help remember them,Susan arranges the names according to whether they are in the first,second,or third grade,and according to gender.Susan is using the technique of __________ to aid her memory.

Accepted Answer

Susan is using organization to help her remember the list of names. She is arranging them according to grade and gender, which is a way of categorizing the information to make it more manageable for her memory.

Question 3

Caleb,age 6,sees his older brother playing with a ball in the house and watches as the ball breaks a picture on the table.He also sees his older sister dusting some of the pictures and watches as she drops two of them,also breaking the pictures.According to Piaget,if Caleb's mom walked in and asked Caleb who should be in more trouble,who would Caleb choose?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, young children in the preoperational stage (ages 2-7) focus on the consequences of actions rather than intentions. Caleb would likely choose his sister because she broke more pictures, even though it was accidental.

Question 4

Memory aids are one kind of

Accepted Answer

Memory aids are a type of mnemonic strategy, which are techniques used to help remember information.

Question 5

Which memory strategy links items together in a story or scene?

Accepted Answer

Elaboration involves creating meaningful connections between new information and existing knowledge. One way to do this is by linking items together in a story or scene, which can help enhance memory retention.

Question 6

Piaget concluded that moral reasoning develops in three stages,which include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Piaget's three stages of moral development are obedience to authority, self-interest, and social contract. Mutual respect is not included in his three stages.

Question 7

Bob is shorter than Mary.Mary is shorter than Lisa.Which cognitive ability would Piaget say is required to understand that Bob is shorter than Lisa?

Accepted Answer

Transitive inference is the ability to understand and logically deduce relationships between objects or concepts in a series. In this scenario, Bob is shorter than Mary, and Mary is shorter than Lisa, which means that Bob must be shorter than Lisa. This requires understanding the concept of transitivity, which is a part of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Conservation, seriation, and inductive reasoning are not directly relevant in this scenario.

Question 8

Brent's history teacher has asked him to make a timeline for important events that occurred during the Civil War.According to Piaget,what cognitive ability will Brent need to complete this project?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive ability needed to complete a timeline is seriation, which is the ability to organize items in a specific order based on a given criteria. Brent will need to organize the events of the Civil War in chronological order for his timeline. Conservation deals with understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same despite changes in appearance or arrangement, transitive inference is the ability to use logic to determine the relationships between objects or ideas, and inductive reasoning is the ability to draw logical conclusions based on observations or evidence.

Question 9

Brian is shown a picture with two cows and four horses in it.When he is asked if there are more horses or animals in the picture,Brian replies that there are more animals.Brian is demonstrating the classification ability of

Accepted Answer

Brian's response demonstrates his understanding of class inclusion, which is the ability to understand that some objects belong to a larger group or category. In this case, the category is "animals," which includes both cows and horses. By stating that there are more animals in the picture, Brian recognizes that the category of "animals" is larger than the category of "horses."

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

There is evidence to suggest that school-age children may not be advancing through Piaget's stages as rapidly as their parents did, possibly due to changes in modern society and education.

Answer: B
 Conservation abilities of children are dependent on familiarity with materials, as they need to understand the properties and characteristics of the objects being conserved.

Answer: C
 Neurological influences play a significant role in children's adaptation to their environment, as they shape cognitive and behavioral development.

Answer: None of the statements are true
 Option D is incorrect, as there is no evidence to suggest that children are not getting enough drilling on the three R's in general.

Question 11

According to Piaget,when judging the moral actions of a person,children younger than 7 years old tend to focus only on the ____ of the offense,while older children consider _____.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of moral development suggests that younger children (under 7 years old) focus on the consequences or the degree of the offense when judging moral actions, while older children are more likely to consider the intent behind the actions. This shift from a focus on outcomes to intentions reflects the development of cognitive processes related to understanding others' perspectives and motives.

Question 12

Freddie is trying to learn the names of the first five presidents of the United States.To help him,his mother makes up a story using the five names in it,and then teaches the story to Freddie.Freddie's mother is using the mnemonic device of

Accepted Answer

Elaboration is a mnemonic device where additional information is added (in this case, a story) to make the material to be remembered more meaningful and therefore easier to remember.

Question 13

Although his classmates are talking behind him,Roberto is able to focus on what his teacher is saying.Roberto is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

Roberto is demonstrating selective attention by being able to focus on what his teacher is saying despite the distraction of his classmates talking behind him. This means he is selectively filtering out irrelevant information and attending only to the relevant information.

Question 14

Mrs.Peacock shows Jillian ten pictures.Eight of the pictures are of blue jays,the other two pictures are of cardinals.Mrs.Peacock then asks Jillian if there are more blue jays or more birds.Which cognitive ability would Piaget say is required for Jillian to answer correctly?

Accepted Answer

Class inclusion is the cognitive ability to understand that a smaller category (e.g. cardinals) is part of a larger category (e.g. birds). To answer this question correctly, Jillian needs to understand that blue jays are a subset of birds and not all birds are blue jays. Therefore, she needs to have the cognitive ability of class inclusion.

Question 15

The following abilities of school-age children are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The ability to estimate does change significantly during middle childhood as children develop more advanced mental strategies for estimation. Therefore, all other options are true.

Question 16

The most common mnemonic strategy aiding both children and adults is the use of

Accepted Answer

External memory aids are the most common mnemonic strategy aiding both children and adults because they provide a way to store information outside of the mind. This can be helpful for remembering large amounts of information, or for remembering information that is difficult to remember.

Question 17

Billy's mother has sent him to the store to buy eggs,bread,and milk.To remember these items,Billy repeats their names.He is using __________ to help remember the items.

Accepted Answer

Billy is using rehearsal to help remember the items by repeating their names.

Question 18

The use of estimation in solving math problems appears to ______ during middle childhood.

Accepted Answer

As children develop their number sense and mathematical skills, their ability to use estimation becomes more accurate and efficient, indicating an improvement in their problem-solving skills. This is typically observed during middle childhood, when children are between the ages of 6 and 12 years old.

Question 19

Jimmy is trying to learn his phone number and address.He tells his father,"Maybe if I say it to myself a hundred times,I will be able to remember it." Jimmy is demonstrating that he is beginning to appreciate

Accepted Answer

Jimmy is demonstrating metamemory, or an awareness and understanding of his own memory processes and strategies. He is using repetition as a memory strategy and showing an understanding of how he can improve his ability to remember information.

Question 20

Lionel's ability to wait until after dinner to ask for a cookie,instead of just grabbing one the minute they were ready,is an example of his improved

Accepted Answer

Lionel's ability to delay gratification and control his impulses shows an improvement in his executive functioning skills, which involve planning, decision-making, and impulse control.

Quiz 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood