Question 1

What are at least two reasons scientists have for believing humans evolved in Africa?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are at least two reasons scientists...

Question 2

The oldest know fossils of modern humans found in eastern Africa date to

Accepted Answer

The oldest known fossils of modern humans, found in eastern Africa, date to 160-195,000 years ago.

Question 3

Why is mitochondrial DNA inherited only from the mother?

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The answer of Why is mitochondrial DNA inherited only from...

Question 4

A woman has a child but does not know the identity of the father.The mitochondrial DNA sequences are shown below. 
Child: CGAATCTG
Man 1: CGAATCTG
Man 2: CGTATCTG
Man 3: CGTATCTA
Based on these data,what do you conclude?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother only, so the child and mother will have the same sequence. Based on the given sequences, the child's sequence matches both Man 1 and Man 2, but mitochondrial DNA cannot be used to determine the father's identity. Therefore, the father cannot be determined with this information.

Question 5

A man and a woman have two sons and three daughters.Each son has three daughters.Each daughter has one son.In how many of her grandchildren are the mother's mitochondria found?

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The answer of A man and a woman have two...

Question 6

Put in order the timeline of migration of humans from earliest to most recent,across the globe.

Accepted Answer

The earliest migration of humans is believed to have occurred in Africa, followed by migration to Asia. From Asia, humans likely migrated to Oceania, then Europe, and finally to the Americas. This is supported by archaeological evidence and genetic studies. Option B correctly follows this order.

Question 7

Mitochondrial Eve is

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial Eve is the most recent common ancestor from whom all humans today inherited their mitochondrial DNA. This means that all living humans today share a common female ancestor for their mitochondrial DNA, which is only passed down from mother to offspring. However, this does not mean she was the only woman alive at the time, nor does it imply anything about nuclear DNA or the survival of her children.

Question 8

Mitochondrial DNA can be used to trace matrilineal evolutionary history because

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother and there is no recombination between male and female mitochondrial DNA. This allows for tracing of evolutionary history along the maternal lineage. The Y chromosome is not relevant in tracing matrilineal history and option B is incorrect because mitochondrial DNA evolves relatively quickly and can accumulate more mutations than nuclear DNA. Option D is also incorrect as mitochondria are only inherited from the mother. Option E is not relevant as the question is asking specifically about mitochondrial DNA.

Question 9

Which of the following describes the migration of humans in order from oldest populations to youngest populations?

Accepted Answer

Africa is the oldest population, and South America is the youngest population.

Question 10

-The table illustrates the ancestry of a human female (F Current Generation).The Fs represent female ancestors; the Ms are males.GGM means great-grandmother; GGF means great-grandfather.Individuals in the top row are great-great grandparents.Each set of parents is shown directly above its offspring. Which of the following correctly identifies the number of nuclear DNA and mtDNA ancestors the female has based on this table?

Accepted Answer

A human inherits nuclear DNA from all ancestors, but mtDNA only from the maternal line. The female has 16 nuclear DNA ancestors (2 parents, 4 grandparents, 8 great-grandparents, 2 great-great-grandparents) and 1 mtDNA ancestor (her maternal line traced back to one great-great-grandmother).

Question 11

How do we know mitochondrial Eve is every human's ancestor?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial Eve is the most recent common matrilineal ancestor of all living humans, meaning she is the individual from which all living humans inherited their mitochondrial DNA. This conclusion was reached through global comparison of human mitochondrial and nuclear sequences. The hypothesis of a mitochondrial Eve is not based on fossil remains but on molecular genetics techniques. Option A is incorrect because males do not pass on mitochondrial genes. Option B is incorrect because the comparison of nuclear DNA does not provide information about maternal ancestry. Option D is partially correct as mitochondrial DNA from African populations played a crucial role in the discovery of mitochondrial Eve, however, the discovery took into account mitochondrial DNA of humans globally. Option E is also incorrect as mitochondrial Eve's existence is inferred from genetic markers and was not based on fossil remains.

Question 12

How is mitochondrial DNA different from nuclear DNA?

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Question 13

Scientists use genetics to trace the evolution and migration of humans.How do scientists know which populations are older than others?

Accepted Answer

Members of older populations have more genetic variability due to the accumulation of mutations over time, providing a historical record of population divergence and migration.

Question 14

Which of the following BEST describes mitochondrial inheritance in humans?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following BEST describes mitochondrial...

Question 15

The ancestral population of humans lived in

Accepted Answer

The most widely accepted theory is that the earliest human ancestors evolved and lived in Africa before migrating to other parts of the world.

Question 16

Mitochondrial Eve can be traced back to

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial Eve is believed to have originated in eastern Africa around 150-200,000 years ago, based on genetic evidence.

Question 17

Which is TRUE of mitochondrial DNA?

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The answer of Which is TRUE of mitochondrial DNA?
...

Question 18

Which offspring would not inherit their mother's (maternal)mitochondria?

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Question 19

Which of the following statements about mitochondrial Eve is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial Eve lived about 200,000 years ago, according to genetic studies.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about human evolutionary history is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about human...

Quiz 20: Human Evolution Skin Deep