Question 1

Compare and contrast how the Spanish and Portuguese exploited their respective overseas empires.Your response should include discussion of their motives, the economic impact on each country, and their relations with the native populations.

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Question 2

How did capitalism become a significant contributor to social change? How did capitalism contribute to social unrest? And how did capitalism encourage further consolidation of royal authority in Spain, England, and France?

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Question 3

How do selected artworks seen in this chapter suggest the enduring influence of the Renaissance, especially its influence on learning?

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Question 4

Consider the picture of a slave ship found in this chapter.Why did the conditions of the slave ship create such a high mortality rate during the journey?

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Question 5

In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, the monarchs of western Europe were able to create vastly more powerful and centralized administrations, while those of central and eastern Europe were not.How do you account for this difference?

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Question 6

The fate of Italy in the sixteenth century revealed that

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The fragmentation of Italy into small independent city-states and republics left them vulnerable to invasion and conquest by larger, centralized powers such as France and Spain. The lack of unity and cooperation among Italian states made it difficult for them to defend themselves against foreign threats.

Question 7

Consider the portrayals of common people in the images found in the pages of this chapter.What do these depictions express about the experiences of common people during this period?

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Question 8

The new diplomacy that emerged in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries relied upon

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The new diplomacy that emerged in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries relied upon the development of diplomatic immunities for ambassadors. This allowed for more frequent and effective communication between states, as ambassadors could freely negotiate without fear of retaliation.

Question 9

All monarchs faced the challenge of increasing royal revenues in the sixteenth century.Why? How did these rulers enhance their revenues?

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Question 10

Why do you think merchants portrayed themselves as honest, hardworking, intelligent, and wise in the woodcut titled Allegory of Trade, seen in this chapter? Who were they trying to convince?

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Question 11

Referring to map 14.1, how were both Spain and Portugal ideally situated to take advantage of improvements in trans-oceanic shipbuilding and navigation?

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Question 12

What do the monk and the woman depicted in the miniature seen in this chapter titled Merchants Clearing Accounts symbolize?

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Question 13

How does the painting shown in this chapter titled Edward VI and The Pope represent consolidation of the authority of the English kings as well as English anti-Catholicism?

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Question 14

Niccolò Machiavelli's goal in writing The Prince was to

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Machiavelli's The Prince is a comprehensive guide that encompasses various aspects of statecraft and ruling, including the use of power, manipulation, fear, and respect to maintain control and achieve political goals. It also implicitly suggests the unification of Italy to resist foreign domination, making all the provided options correct interpretations of his work's objectives.

Question 15

How did the practice of international diplomacy begin to change in Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

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Question 16

Slavery was virtually non-existent in Europe by ca.1500, yet in the succeeding century the European use of slaves became widespread.Discuss this development in terms of religious, political, economic, and social factors.Which do you think was the most significant contributor to this increase in slavery?

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Question 17

How did monarchs begin to use religion as a tool in the consolidation of rule? When was the use of religion successful? When did it backfire?

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Question 18

England's Parliament gained importance and prestige during the reign of Henry VIII at the same time that monarchical power reached new heights.Show how these two apparently contradictory developments occurred and discuss the relationship that developed between the two branches of government.

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Question 19

What factors contributed to the economic boom of the sixteenth century? What areas of the economy experienced the most dramatic growth? Did the prosperity of the age extend to all segments of society?

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Question 20

Why are Henry VII of England, Louis XII of France, and Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain called the "new monarchs"?

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Quiz 14: Economic Expansion and a New Politics