Question 1

To ensure that a test developed for national use is indeed suitable for national use,test developers

Accepted Answer

The answer of To ensure that a test developed for...

Question 2

Which court case culminated in a ruling that a city fire department could use a test of specific firefighting abilities to make promotion decisions even if Whites tended to outscore African-American firefighters?

Accepted Answer

The court case Allen v. District of Columbia (1993) culminated in a ruling that a city fire department could use a test of specific firefighting abilities to make promotion decisions even if Whites tended to outscore African-American firefighters.

Question 3

Many testtaker characteristics are affected by culture including

Accepted Answer

Culture can influence a testtaker's expressive communication skills, nonverbal communication, and receptive communication skills. Therefore, all of these options are affected by culture.

Question 4

Which court case resulted in the ruling that intelligence tests could not be used to place African-American children in special classes in California?

Accepted Answer

The case of Larry P. v. Riles in 1979 resulted in the ruling that intelligence tests could not be used to place African-American children in special classes in California.

Question 5

A psychologist who does not act in the same or similar way that other reasonable psychologists would have acted under the same or similar circumstances may be found liable for

Accepted Answer

Malpractice refers to professional negligence, misconduct, or breach of duty by a professional that causes harm to a client or patient. If a psychologist fails to act in a similar way that other reasonable psychologists would have acted under similar circumstances, and this failure results in harm to a client, then the psychologist may be found liable for malpractice.

Question 6

Which is the BEST example of malpractice by a psychologist?

Accepted Answer

Malpractice involves a professional acting in a way that deviates significantly from the accepted standards of their profession, which is described in option B.

Question 7

Which court case resulted in the ruling that psychotherapists must reveal privileged information if a third party is endangered?

Accepted Answer

Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974) established the duty to warn policy in which psychotherapists are required to break confidentiality if there is an identifiable and serious risk of harm to a third party. This ruling has since been extended to include the duty to protect, which allows psychotherapists to take steps to protect the potential victim from harm, such as alerting law enforcement.

Question 8

Which of the following is the MOST important reason why translating a test into another language is not recommended?

Accepted Answer

Translating a test into another language can result in changes in the meaning of the test items. This can lead to inaccurate test results and improper interpretation of scores. Therefore, it is not recommended to translate a test into another language. While cost, time, and dialect are all valid considerations, they are not as significant as the potential impact on the validity of the test.

Question 9

"Psychologists must use only those techniques for which they are qualified by education,training,and experience." This quote was MOST likely taken from the pages of

Accepted Answer

The quote is related to ethical principles and the responsibility of psychologists, which is most likely to be found in the Ethical Principles of Psychologists. The other options, such as Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974), Tests in Print, and the Oregon Death with Dignity statute, are not directly related to the qualifications or responsibilities of psychologists.

Question 10

Which court case resulted in the ruling for the first time that diversity considerations can be used in university admissions decisions?

Accepted Answer

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) resulted in the ruling that diversity considerations can be used in university admissions decisions for the first time.

Question 11

Ultimately,which of the following parties to the assessment enterprise provides the guidance for determining what constitutes the fair use of tests in the hiring process?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ultimately,which of the following parties to the...

Question 12

Which court case reaffirmed the rights of universities to use race in admissions decisions to further the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body?

Accepted Answer

Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) is the court case that reaffirmed the right of universities to use race in admissions decisions to further the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body. The Supreme Court ruled that the University of Michigan Law School's narrowly tailored use of race in admissions decisions to promote diversity did not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 13

Which court case resulted in the ruling that the federal government cannot apply affirmative action principles in awarding federal contracts to companies unless there is a compelling reason to do so?

Accepted Answer

Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1995) is the court case that resulted in the ruling that the federal government cannot apply affirmative action principles in awarding federal contracts to companies unless there is a compelling reason to do so. This case specifically dealt with a federal program that provided financial incentives to contractors who hired subcontractors that were members of certain racial and ethnic groups. The Supreme Court ruled that such preferences in awarding federal contracts were subject to the same constitutional scrutiny as other race-based classifications and could only be used if they were narrowly tailored to serve a compelling government interest. This ruling had significant implications for the use of affirmative action in a variety of government programs and policies.

Question 14

With regard to litigation involving hiring and promotion,it is a fact that

Accepted Answer

Tests that yield scores showing differences by racial group can still be used if they are relevant and necessary for the job, and there is no consensus among all courts about which specific psychological tests may or may not be used. Additionally, while tests must be shown to predict job success to be legally defensible, this is not the sole criterion for their use in hiring and promotion.

Question 15

The Daubert case had implications for the role of

Accepted Answer

The Daubert case specifically addressed the standard for admitting expert testimony into evidence. It did not have direct implications for psychologists admitting patients to mental hospitals or test publishers hiring developers.

Question 16

Legal and ethical mandates regarding vocational assessment require that performance on vocational tests measure

Accepted Answer

Vocational assessment is designed to measure a person’s abilities and aptitudes in relation to specific career fields, and as such, it is essential that results are job-related. While important cultural factors may impact a person’s ability to successfully perform in certain positions, it is not the sole consideration in determining vocational fit. Unobtrusive variables are not directly related to vocational assessment.

Question 17

Sir Francis Galton measured each of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Sir Francis Galton, a pioneer in eugenics and statistical methods, did not specifically measure the mental ability of humans as part of his extensive anthropometric studies. His work primarily focused on physical measurements, heredity, and statistical analyses of biological phenomena.

Question 18

In the everyday practice of psychological assessment,how do questions and issues about a test-taker's proficiency in the English language typically get resolved?

Accepted Answer

Questions and issues regarding a test-taker's proficiency in the English language are typically resolved on a case-by-case basis to ensure that the language proficiency does not hinder the validity and reliability of the assessment. This may involve the use of an interpreter, adjustments in the test administration, or use of a language-appropriate assessment. Determinations based solely on years of formal education or scores on a test of English as a Second Language may not fully capture the test-taker's language abilities or limitations. The informal evaluation of comprehension of "knock-knock" jokes is not a reliable or valid method for assessing proficiency in the English language.

Question 19

A general ability test predicted job performance but was found to be discriminatory because Whites scored better on it on average than African-Americans.This is a reference to which of the following court cases?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A general ability test predicted job performance...

Question 20

Which court case resulted in the ruling that the communication between a psychotherapist and a patient is privileged in federal courts?

Accepted Answer

Jaffee v. Redmond (1996) resulted in the ruling that the communication between a psychotherapist and a patient is privileged in federal courts.

Quiz 2: Historical, cultural, and Legal Ethical Considerations