Question 1

____________ transport does not require membrane proteins.
A)Facilitated diffusion
B)Bulk
C)Simple diffusion
D)Active

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion does not require membrane proteins, as it occurs spontaneously down a concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion and active transport both require membrane proteins to assist in the movement of molecules across the membrane. Bulk transport refers to the movement of large molecules or particles, such as endocytosis or exocytosis, and also requires membrane proteins.

Question 2

____________________ is a term which describes a membrane that allows only certain molecules to penetrate it.
A)Selectively permeable
B)Permeable
C)Porous
D)Countertransport

Accepted Answer

Selectively permeable membranes only allow certain molecules to penetrate them, while blocking others based on their size, charge, and other properties. This allows cells to regulate what enters and exits the cell and maintain homeostasis.  permeable membranes allow all molecules of any size to penetrate, while porous and countertransport are not accurate terms to describe a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 3

Matrix metalloproteinases
A)degrade the basal lamina.
B)synthesize collagen in the extracellular matrix.
C)may be active in invasive cancer cells.
D)synthesize proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

Simple diffusion is the net diffusion of a solvent.

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion is the net diffusion of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It can occur for both solvents and solutes.

Question 5

80% of the extracellular fluid is termed interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

Interstitial fluid is the fluid surrounding and bathing the cells in tissues, and makes up around 80% of the extracellular fluid in the body. The other 20% is made up of plasma, the fluid component of blood.

Question 6

Osmosis and simple diffusion do NOT require the actions of carrier proteins.

Accepted Answer

Osmosis and simple diffusion are passive processes where molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the need for carrier proteins.

Question 7

Active transport
A)utilizes energy.
B)cannot transport molecules against a concentration gradient.
C)cannot be saturated.
D)requires cofactors.

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy to move molecules against a concentration gradient, meaning it can move molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This is in contrast to passive transport which can only move molecules along a concentration gradient. Therefore, A is the only correct choice.

Question 8

How much of the extracellular fluid makes up the blood plasma?
A)33%
B)92%
C)20%
D)50%

Accepted Answer

The answer of How much of the extracellular fluid makes...

Question 9

___________________ comprise an important family of enzymes that can break down extracellular matrix proteins but require a zinc ion cofactor.
A)Matrix metallohydrolases
B)Matrix phosphokinases
C)Matrix metalloproteinases
D)None of these choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) comprise an important family of enzymes that can break down extracellular matrix proteins but require a zinc ion cofactor. Neither matrix metallohydrolases nor matrix phosphokinases are correct terms for these enzymes.

Question 10

Active transport proceeds when energy is expended.

Accepted Answer

Active transport is defined as a cellular process which moves molecules against their concentration gradients from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration. To achieve this, energy in the form of ATP and specialized transport proteins are required. Therefore, active transport proceeds only when energy is expended.

Question 11

The extracellular matrix is made up of collagen, elastin, and a gel-like ground substance.

Accepted Answer

The extracellular matrix is indeed composed of collagen, elastin, and a gel-like ground substance, along with other components such as glycosaminoglycans and fibronectin.

Question 12

What cofactor do matrix metalloproteinases need to be functional?
A)calcium
B)copper
C)chromium
D)zinc

Accepted Answer

Matrix metalloproteinases require zinc as a cofactor for their enzymatic activity.

Question 13

________ are a class of glycoproteins that bind to components in the extracellular matrix thereby acting as adhesion molecules between cells and the matrix.
A)Glycocalyces
B)Aquaporins
C)Desmosomes
D)Integrins

Accepted Answer

Integrins are a class of glycoproteins that bind to components in the extracellular matrix, such as collagen and laminin, acting as adhesion molecules between cells and the matrix.

Question 14

Proteins that extend from the cytoskeleton within the cell, through the plasma membrane, and into the extracellular matrix are
A)lysosomal proteins.
B)metallo proteins.
C)receptor proteins.
D)integrin proteins.

Accepted Answer

Integrin proteins are known to extend from the cytoskeleton within the cell, through the plasma membrane, and into the extracellular matrix, facilitating cell adhesion and signaling. Lysosomal proteins are primarily found within lysosomes, while metallo proteins contain metal ions in their structure. Receptor proteins are generally embedded in the plasma membrane but do not extend into the extracellular matrix.

Question 15

Diffusion ____________ the entropy of a solution.
A)decreases
B)increases
C)does not change

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is a natural process that seeks to increase the entropy of a solution. Entropy is a measure of the disorderliness of a system or solution. Diffusion increases entropy as it causes molecules to spread out in a random manner, mixing with other substances and increasing the overall disorderliness of the system. Hence, diffusion increases the entropy of a solution.

Question 16

Passive transport of water is known as
A)filtration.
B)osmosis.
C)facilitated diffusion.
D)a water pump.

Accepted Answer

Passive transport of water is known as osmosis. A is incorrect because filtration requires pressure to force water through a membrane. C is incorrect because facilitated diffusion requires a protein channel to help transport a substance across a membrane. D is incorrect because a water pump refers to an active transport mechanism, which requires the use of ATP.

Question 17

How much of the total body water content is intracellular?
A)50%
B)67%
C)33%
D)80%

Accepted Answer

Approximately two-thirds (67%) of the total body water content is intracellular, meaning it is within the cells of the body. The remaining one-third (33%) is extracellular, which includes the water in the blood plasma and the interstitial fluid (fluid surrounding the cells). Therefore, choice B is the best answer.

Question 18

The process in which waste molecules are removed from the blood by having them diffuse through an artificial porous membrane is called dialysis.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct definition of dialysis.

Question 19

A solution consists of a ____________ which dissolves the _____________.
A)solvent, solute
B)solvent, solid
C)solute, solvent
D)liquid, solid

Accepted Answer

A solution is made up of a solvent (the substance that dissolves the other substance) and a solute (the substance that is dissolved in the solvent). Therefore, choice A (solvent, solute) is the best option.

Question 20

The majority of water within the body is found in the
A)intracellular compartment.
B)extracellular compartment.
C)blood plasma.
D)interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

The intracellular compartment, which includes the water contained within cells, is the largest compartment of body water, accounting for approximately two-thirds of total body water. The extracellular compartment, which includes blood plasma and interstitial fluid, makes up the remaining one-third of total body water.

Quiz 6: Interactions Between Cells and The Extracellular Environment

____________ transport does not require membrane proteins.

____________________ is a term which describes a membrane that allows only certain molecules to penetrate it.

Matrix metalloproteinases

Simple diffusion is the net diffusion of a solvent.

80% of the extracellular fluid is termed interstitial fluid.

Osmosis and simple diffusion do NOT require the actions of carrier proteins.

Active transport

How much of the extracellular fluid makes up the blood plasma?

___________________ comprise an important family of enzymes that can break down extracellular matrix proteins but require a zinc ion cofactor.

Active transport proceeds when energy is expended.

The extracellular matrix is made up of collagen, elastin, and a gel-like ground substance.

What cofactor do matrix metalloproteinases need to be functional?

________ are a class of glycoproteins that bind to components in the extracellular matrix thereby acting as adhesion molecules between cells and the matrix.

Proteins that extend from the cytoskeleton within the cell, through the plasma membrane, and into the extracellular matrix are

Diffusion ____________ the entropy of a solution.

Passive transport of water is known as

How much of the total body water content is intracellular?

The process in which waste molecules are removed from the blood by having them diffuse through an artificial porous membrane is called dialysis.

A solution consists of a which dissolves the _.

The majority of water within the body is found in the