Question 1

Expert systems are

Accepted Answer

Expert systems are designed to display advanced knowledge of a specific skill or topic. They are programmed to mimic the decision-making abilities of a human expert in that field. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect as expert systems are not necessarily "smarter" than humans, but they can be efficient in certain tasks. Option C is also incorrect as expert systems do not make use of random search patterns. Option D is incorrect as expert systems are often used for diagnosing problems or predicting outcomes.

Question 2

Which of the following terms is used to describe computer programs that are able to predict the weather, analyze geological formations, diagnose disease, and play chess?

Accepted Answer

Expert systems are computer programs that are designed to model and mimic the decision-making abilities of a human expert in a particular field. They are used to solve complex problems and make decisions based on a set of rules and knowledge. Expert systems can be used for tasks such as predicting the weather, analyzing geological formations, diagnosing disease, and playing chess.

Question 3

Concerning a comparison of artificial and human intelligence, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

While artificial intelligence has certainly shown impressive capabilities, it still lacks the ability to think creatively and contextually like a human can. In fact, computers can only operate based on the rules and algorithms they have been programmed with, making them very literal and ultimately limited outside of that framework. While there have been instances where computers have successfully tricked humans into thinking they were talking to another human (such as the well-known Turing test), this does not necessarily mean that AI is more flexible than human cognition. Therefore, options A and B are not entirely accurate.

Question 4

Which of the following types of computer programs could demonstrate artificial intelligence?

Accepted Answer

All three types of computer programs - harmonization, medical diagnosis, and chess - could demonstrate artificial intelligence. Harmonization programs can use machine learning algorithms to analyze and adjust musical notes to create harmonious sounds. Medical diagnosis programs can use AI to analyze patient data and symptoms to provide accurate diagnoses. Chess programs can use sophisticated algorithms to make strategic moves and learn from previous games, displaying human-like thinking and decision-making abilities.

Question 5

Which of the following kinds of skills is measured by traditional IQ tests as well as being a part of Gardner's multiple intelligences?

Accepted Answer

Spatial skills are measured by traditional IQ tests as well as being a part of Gardner's multiple intelligences. Interpersonal skills are not typically included in traditional IQ testing, and musical and bodily-kinesthetic skills are part of Gardner's multiple intelligences but are not always included in traditional IQ tests.

Question 6

Computer programs that are capable of human-like problem-solving or intelligent responding are associated with

Accepted Answer

The term "artificial intelligence" refers to the development of computer programs that are capable of performing tasks that typically require human-like intelligence, such as problem-solving, decision-making, and natural language processing. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B refers to the study of how people use space as a means of communication, option C is not a term commonly used in the field of computer science, and option D is too general and does not specifically refer to intelligent computer programs.

Question 7

Regarding Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

All three statements are true. Gardner's theory acknowledges that individuals have different strengths and weaknesses across a variety of intelligences. Therefore, some children may find it easier to learn certain topics if they are approached through an alternative intelligence, such as incorporating music or art into math or reading lessons. It is also true that most people have a few areas of intelligence in which they excel, while geniuses are often able to use multiple intelligences to solve complex problems. Finally, many schools are adopting Gardner's theory to promote a wider range of skills and talents, as it recognizes that not all individuals will excel in traditional academic subjects.

Question 8

Human thinking is better than artificial intelligence regarding which of the following skills?

Accepted Answer

Human thinking is better than artificial intelligence in terms of flexibility. Human beings have the ability to think creatively, adapt to new situations, and come up with innovative solutions to problems. Artificial intelligence, on the other hand, is limited by its programming and lacks the ability to think outside the box or adjust its approach to a problem.

Question 9

Artificial intelligence involves

Accepted Answer

Artificial intelligence involves the development of computer programs that are capable of human-like problem-solving, including tasks such as pattern recognition, decision-making, and natural language processing. Options A and B refer to animal training, while option D refers to the study of non-verbal communication in humans.

Question 10

Computer simulations and expert systems provide good examples of how _____ is being used as a research tool.

Accepted Answer

Computer simulations and expert systems are both examples of artificial intelligence being used as a research tool.

Question 11

Compared to systems of artificial intelligence, human thinking is

Accepted Answer

Human thinking is more flexible and less likely to be confined to a limited set of rules compared to systems of artificial intelligence. Human cognition is capable of creative problem-solving and adapting to unfamiliar situations, which is still beyond the capabilities of even the most advanced AI systems.

Question 12

Concerning artificial intelligence (AI), which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

All three statements are true. AI involves the application of rules that enable a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior. AI is valuable where vast memory, speed, and persistence are required, such as in large-scale data analysis, visual recognition tasks, and decision-making. Furthermore, AI programs can be programmed to make the same errors as humans, making it essential to test and validate the accuracy of AI systems before deployment.

Question 13

Computer simulations are commonly used when there are multiple variables or complex situations in order to model what might actually happen.Computer simulations also are used in psychology to

Accepted Answer

Computer simulations are used in psychology to model human thinking, decision-making, and problem-solving. They are not used to integrate the random search strategy to algorithmic functioning or to use heuristics to garner insight. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 14

_____ is based on the fact that many tasks can be reduced to a set of rules applied to a body of information.

Accepted Answer

This statement describes the basic principle behind artificial intelligence, which uses algorithms and rules to process and analyze large sets of data in order to perform tasks or make decisions. Proxemics refers to the study of how people use space and distance in communication, functional fixedness refers to the tendency to see objects only in their traditional uses, and automatic processing refers to the ability to perform tasks with little conscious effort or attention.

Question 15

_____ are programs that attempt to duplicate human behavior, including thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and thinking errors, and are used to test models of human cognition.

Accepted Answer

Computer simulations are designed to mimic human behavior and are used to test models of human cognition. They can provide valuable insights into how people think, learn, and make decisions. Novice systems, modular systems, and computer symbiotics do not have the same level of focus on replicating human behavior.

Question 16

Concerning the expert systems within artificial intelligence, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Expert systems are designed specifically for prediction and diagnosis, and have been successfully used in a variety of fields for these purposes.

Question 17

Concerning artificial intelligence (AI), which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Human cognition is much more flexible than current AI systems. AI is limited to specific tasks for which it has been programmed, while human cognition can adapt to new situations and solve problems creatively.

Question 18

A school curriculum built on Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence would provide

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence suggests that there are multiple forms of intelligence, and therefore a curriculum built on this theory would include a diverse range of subjects and activities to cultivate a wide range of skills and talents. This would include both traditional academic subjects as well as nontraditional subjects such as the arts or interpersonal skills. The focus would be on developing the full range of intelligences rather than just emphasizing one specific type of intelligence.

Question 19

By analyzing Bach's music, Kernal Ebcioglu came up with 350 rules that govern harmonization and created music that listeners sometimes mistake for Bach's.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The creation of rules that govern harmonization and the use of those rules to create music that mimics Bach's style indicate the use of artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning algorithms that can analyze and replicate musical patterns.

Question 20

Scientists in the area of artificial intelligence study the performance of

Accepted Answer

Scientists in the area of artificial intelligence specifically study the performance of computer programs in various tasks such as speech recognition, natural language processing, and decision-making.

Quiz 9: Extension C: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence