Question 1

The information surrounding a stimulus is known as the

Accepted Answer

The information surrounding a stimulus is known as the context. It includes information from the immediate environment as well as past experiences and expectations that shape our interpretation and response to the stimulus.

Question 2

An imaginary perception, such as seeing, hearing, or smelling something that does not exist in the external world is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A hallucination is a sensory experience of something that does not exist in reality. Illusions can also create false perceptions of reality, but they are typically based on an external stimulus that is misinterpreted. Stroboscopic movement and Müller-Lyer illusion are specific types of visual illusions.

Question 3

If you were transported to a strange planet with unique structural features, your rapid sensory and motor adaptation would be most quickly facilitated by

Accepted Answer

Active movement in the new environment would allow for a more rapid sensory and motor adaptation because the individual would be using their senses and muscles to explore and learn about the new environment. Prior knowledge may not accurately prepare the individual for the unique structural features of the planet, and thoughtful analysis may be too slow for a rapid adaptation. Sensory deprivation may also hinder rather than facilitate adaptation.

Question 4

Regarding the results of research conducted by Chua, Boland, and Nisbett, in which American participants tended to focus on the figure within a scene, while the Chinese participants focused on the background, they concluded that Americans tend to have a _____, while Chinese tend to have a _____.

Accepted Answer

The research conducted by Chua, Boland, and Nisbett found that American participants tended to focus on the figure within a scene, while Chinese participants focused on the background. This suggests that Americans have a narrower focus of attention, while Chinese have a broader focus of attention. Therefore, choice B, "narrow focus of attention; broader focus of attention" is the best answer.

Question 5

Chua, Boland, and Nisbett presented American and Chinese participants with pictures of a figure, such as a tiger, placed on a ground, such as a jungle, and monitored their eye-movement patterns.The Americans tended to focus their eye movements _____, while the Chinese tended to focus their eye movements _____.

Accepted Answer

American participants focused more on the central figure, while Chinese participants paid more attention to the context or background, reflecting cultural differences in perception.

Question 6

One dog appears considerably larger than the other because one has been shaved and the other still has its long hair.The difference in the sizes of the two dogs is

Accepted Answer

The difference in size between the two dogs is an illusion because it is caused by the difference in hair length rather than their actual physical size.

Question 7

You are presented with interesting visual stimulus.When you look at the visual stimulus vertically, you see the letter B, but when you look at the stimulus horizontally, _____ causes it to be organized as the number 13.

Accepted Answer

Context is the key factor that causes the vertical lines of the B to be perceived as the number 1 and the horizontal line as the number 3. The brain uses contextual information to organize visual stimuli into meaningful patterns and shapes.

Question 8

If we can generalize from the results of research on adapting to inverted vision, a person adjusting to the distortion caused by glasses worn after cataract operations would adjust most quickly if allowed to

Accepted Answer

Allowing the person to move about voluntarily would be the most effective way to adapt to the distortion caused by glasses after cataract operations, as research on adapting to inverted vision has shown that voluntary movement helps the brain recalibrate visual input. Watching movies while seated or practicing reality testing may be helpful, but they are not as effective as voluntary movement. Temporary sensory deprivation would not be helpful in this context.

Question 9

Regarding the inverted vision experiments, which of the following was NOT one of the findings?

Accepted Answer

The participants in the experiment did not have a specific knowledge or understanding of when adaptation to the inverted vision goggles was complete regarding visual images appearing to be turned upright again.

Question 10

Based on the cross-cultural research on perception, the society we live in

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural research has shown that society and culture can influence even our most basic perceptual habits, such as depth perception, color perception, and facial recognition. For example, some cultures may place more emphasis on certain colors, leading individuals from those cultures to be more sensitive to those colors. Additionally, cultural norms and values can shape how individuals perceive social cues and emotions in others.

Question 11

Illusions

Accepted Answer

Illusions are caused by misperceiving or distorting stimuli that actually exist. Hallucinations, on the other hand, are perceptions in the absence of any external stimulus. Illusions are also not necessarily the result of innate mechanisms, as they can often be influenced by environmental factors such as lighting or context. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 12

Illusions differ from hallucinations in that

Accepted Answer

Illusions are based on perceptual learning, meaning they are misinterpretations of real external stimuli, whereas hallucinations occur without any external stimuli.

Question 13

A man six feet in height will look tall when surrounded by others of average height, and short among a group of professional basketball players.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of context, where the perception of the man's height is influenced by the surrounding individuals. His height is being judged in comparison to others around him.

Question 14

Peter, who uses PCP, sees "flaky black smoke falling from the ceiling." Peter is experiencing a

Accepted Answer

Flaky black smoke falling from the ceiling is not a real visual stimulus, so it is not an illusion. Therefore, it can be classified as a visual hallucination, which is a perception of something that is not there. The fact that Peter uses PCP, a hallucinogenic drug, supports the idea of a hallucination. Perceptual reconstruction and sane hallucination are not appropriate choices in this scenario.

Question 15

Which of the following is a consistent finding of inverted vision experiments?

Accepted Answer

Subjects in inverted vision experiments eventually adapt to the altered visual input and can perform complex tasks, demonstrating the brain's ability to adjust to changes in sensory information.

Question 16

Experiments with inverted and distorted vision show that

Accepted Answer

Experiments have shown that active movement, rather than remaining stationary, leads to faster adaptation to inverted or distorted vision in humans. This includes actions such as walking, reaching, and grasping, which allow the brain to integrate visual and motor information and adjust accordingly.

Question 17

When people wore goggles that grossly distorted their vision, they were able to adapt more quickly if they

Accepted Answer

Active movement, such as walking around on their own, allows individuals to receive feedback and adjust their movements, facilitating quicker adaptation to distorted vision.

Question 18

In a(n) _____, certain physical properties of an object, such as curvature or length, are consistently misjudged.

Accepted Answer

Illusions involve consistent misjudgments of physical properties of an object, while hallucinations involve perceiving something that is not actually present. Perception refers to the overall process of interpreting sensory information, and sensation refers to the initial detection of sensory input.

Question 19

A hallucination is

Accepted Answer

A hallucination is a perception of objects or events that have no external reality. It is different from an illusion, which is a distorted or misleading perception of stimuli that actually exists.

Question 20

Regarding cultural differences in perception, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

European Americans are more likely to explain a person's actions in terms of personal traits or dispositions rather than the context, which is more characteristic of East Asian cultures.

Quiz 5: Extension B: Perceiving the World