Question 1

Visual acuity is sharpest when images are focused on the fovea.This is because of the high concentration of _____ in that region.

Accepted Answer

Cones are responsible for color vision and visual acuity, and they are highly concentrated in the fovea, which is the central part of the retina where images are focused. The fovea contains no rods, which are more sensitive to light but have lower visual acuity than cones. Ganglion cells and bipolar cells are involved in transmitting visual information to the brain but they do not contribute directly to visual acuity.

Question 2

The _____ is a small cup-shaped area in the middle of the retina that contains only cones.

Accepted Answer

The fovea is a small area in the center of the retina that contains only cones, which are responsible for sharp visual acuity and color vision. The other options, such as the cornea, lens, and blind spot, are not located in the retina and do not specifically contain only cones.

Question 3

A receiver runs down field, turns, and focuses on the tiny "missile" spiraling down to him.This receiver's ability to see the football emphasizes his excellent visual acuity due to the large concentration of _____ in the fovea of his eyes.

Accepted Answer

Cones are responsible for color vision and high acuity vision in bright light conditions. The fovea is a small area of the retina that contains a high concentration of cone cells, which allows for sharp and detailed vision. Therefore, the receiver's ability to see the football suggests that he has excellent visual acuity, potentially due to the large concentration of cones in his fovea.

Question 4

Visual acuity refers to

Accepted Answer

Visual acuity is a measure of the ability to see fine details and is often referred to as sharpness of vision.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a test of visual acuity?

Accepted Answer

The Ishihara test is used to assess color vision, not visual acuity.

Question 6

Brain cells that analyze incoming sensory information into lines, angles, shading and movement are called

Accepted Answer

These types of cells are known as feature detectors as they analyze specific features of visual stimuli such as lines, angles, shading, and movement.

Question 7

If you have normal vision, you can see at _____ feet what the average person can see at _____ feet.

Accepted Answer

Normal vision is defined as having 20/20 vision, which means that you can see at 20 feet what the average person can see at 20 feet, or in other words, you have average visual acuity. Therefore, choice A is correct. The other choices are incorrect because they either refer to distances that are not standard for measuring visual acuity (such as 15 or 30 feet), or they imply that the person with normal vision has above or below average visual acuity (such as choice B which suggests that their vision is twice as good as the average person's).

Question 8

Visual _____ is a disturbance in the ability to perceive the meaning of stimuli, such as words, objects, or pictures that are seen.

Accepted Answer

Agnosia is a disorder that impairs the ability to recognize or make sense of incoming sensory information, such as visual objects, sounds, or smells. In visual agnosia, a person may be able to see an object but unable to identify it, even with an intact visual system. This condition can result from brain damage or disease, and can affect one or more sensory modalities. The other options, aphasia, myopia, and hyperopia, all refer to different disorders that affect language or visual acuity, but not the ability to perceive meaning in sensory stimuli.

Question 9

During the process of vision, brain cells act as _____ with some brain cells responding to lines of a certain width and orientation, while other cells respond to lines of a certain width and others to angles and to movement.

Accepted Answer

The term "feature detectors" refers to brain cells that respond to specific features of visual stimuli, such as lines of a particular width and orientation. Other cells may respond to angles and movement. This process is part of visual perception and helps the brain form a coherent image from the visual input it receives.

Question 10

When shown an object, Detra was "blind" to what the object was, but she had enough sight to know where it was in her visual field.Detra is suffering from

Accepted Answer

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize or identify familiar objects or stimuli, despite having adequate sensory functioning. Detra's ability to know where the object is located in her visual field suggests that her visual sensory functioning is intact, but her brain is unable to process or assign meaning to the visual input. Visual aphasia, on the other hand, is a language disorder that affects the ability to understand or use words related to visual stimuli. Myopia and hyperopia are refractive errors that affect the ability to focus on distant or close objects, respectively, but they are not relevant to Detra's symptoms.

Question 11

The ventral pathway is responsible for _____, while the dorsal pathway is responsible for _____.

Accepted Answer

The ventral pathway, also known as the "what pathway," is responsible for object recognition and color vision. The dorsal pathway, also known as the "where pathway," is responsible for spatial processing and determining the location and movement of objects. Therefore, choice C correctly matches the pathways with their corresponding functions.

Question 12

Regarding the process of vision, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

All of these statements are true. A) Specific cells in the brain called "simple cells" respond to lines of a certain width and orientation, while other cells called "complex cells" respond to lines of a certain length and orientation. B) The brain first analyzes visual information into its basic features and then combines these features into meaningful visual experiences in other brain areas. C) As much as 30 percent of the brain may be involved in vision, making it one of the most complex processes the brain performs.

Question 13

Damage to the fovea in each eye could be expected to cause a loss of

Accepted Answer

The fovea is responsible for sharp and detailed vision, so damage to this area would result in a loss of visual acuity. Peripheral vision, night vision, and accommodation are controlled by other parts of the eye.

Question 14

According to Hubel and Wiesel, vision acts more like a

Accepted Answer

According to Hubel and Wiesel, vision acts more like a computer because it processes information in a hierarchical manner, with different levels of processing occurring in different areas of the brain.

Question 15

Gordon is unable to visually recognize an object, but he has no trouble manipulating the object.Gordon most likely has damage to the _____ pathway.

Accepted Answer

Gordon's ability to manipulate the object indicates intact motor function, which is located in the ventral pathway. However, his inability to visually recognize the object suggests damage to the dorsal stream, which is responsible for visual perception and recognition.

Question 16

Although Susan is able to visually recognize a car when she sees it, she is unable to tell where the car is or distinguish approaching cars from parked cars.Susan most likely has damage to the _____ pathway.

Accepted Answer

The dorsal pathway, also known as the "where" pathway, is responsible for spatial awareness, depth perception, and visual location. The symptoms described in the scenario, including difficulty distinguishing between approaching and stationary cars, indicate damage to this pathway. The peripheral pathway is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eyes to the brain, while the central pathway is responsible for object recognition and identification. The ventral pathway, also known as the "what" pathway, is responsible for object recognition and identification, but not spatial awareness.

Question 17

Normal visual acuity is designated as _____ vision.

Accepted Answer

Normal visual acuity is designated as 20/20 vision, meaning a person can read a line of letters that is the same size as what a normal eye can read from 20 feet away. Choices A, B, and D are all incorrect because they indicate worse than normal visual acuity.

Question 18

The Snellen and the Landolt rings are used to assess

Accepted Answer

The Snellen and Landolt rings are both charts used to measure visual acuity, or the ability to see details at a specific distance. They are often used during eye exams to determine the clarity of a person's vision. Night vision, color vision, and depth perception are all different aspects of vision that require different tests or assessments.

Question 19

The _____ pathway is responsible for the "what" of vision, while the _____ pathway is responsible for the "where" of vision.

Accepted Answer

The ventral pathway, also known as the "what" pathway, is responsible for object recognition and identifying visual information. The dorsal pathway, also known as the "where" pathway, is responsible for processing visual information related to spatial awareness and movement. Therefore, the correct choice is C, ventral; dorsal.

Question 20

In bright light, visual acuity is greatest when the visual image falls on the

Accepted Answer

The fovea is a small, densely packed area in the center of the retina that contains a high concentration of photoreceptor cells called cones. Cones are responsible for color vision and visual acuity, which is the ability to see fine details. In bright light, the visual image falls directly onto the fovea, resulting in the highest visual acuity.

Quiz 4: Extension A: Sensation and Reality