Question 1

Melissa is often described by her teacher as a "model" child or unusually "good." However, she also tends to be somewhat insecure, anxious, and dependent on adults for approval.According to the research on child discipline techniques, Melissa's parents most likely used the _____ discipline approach.

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal of love discipline approach can lead to children being insecure, anxious, and dependent on adults for approval, as they may fear losing their parents' affection.

Question 2

Children who tend to lack spontaneity and warmth and tend to fear or hate their parents were probably raised under the _____discipline approach.

Accepted Answer

Children who lack spontaneity and warmth and have a fear or hatred towards their parents are likely raised under the power assertion discipline approach. This approach involves using physical punishment or threats to control behavior, which can lead to a lack of trust and emotional distance between the child and parent. Permissive parenting is characterized by low demands and high responsiveness, while authoritative parenting is characterized by high demands and high responsiveness. Management techniques refer to strategies for organizing and managing behavior, and are not a specific parenting approach.

Question 3

Reasoning, recognition, and approval are examples of

Accepted Answer

Reasoning, recognition, and approval are examples of management techniques used to motivate and encourage desired behavior. Power assertion, passive enforcement, and withdrawal of love are forms of punishment or negative reinforcement, which are not applicable in this context.

Question 4

_____ refers to a type of discipline that involves physical punishment or a show of force.

Accepted Answer

Power assertion is a type of discipline that involves physical punishment or a show of force. Management techniques refer to strategies used by managers to achieve organizational goals. Passive enforcement involves using rewards or approval to reinforce desired behaviors. Withdrawal of love refers to withholding affection or attention as a form of punishment.

Question 5

Regarding spanking, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

All three statements are true. Research has shown that while some children may not show signs of long-term damage from spanking if it is backed up by supportive parenting, emotional damage can occur if spankings are severe, frequent, or coupled with harsh parenting. Additionally, frequent spanking tends to increase aggression, leading to more problem behaviors.

Question 6

Refusing to speak to a child is an example of

Accepted Answer

Refusing to speak to a child is a form of withdrawal of love, which can be emotionally damaging to the child. It is a negative form of punishment that can hinder the child's social and emotional development.

Question 7

Spanking or taking away toys or privileges are examples of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Spanking or taking away toys or privileges...

Question 8

Using withdrawal of love as a technique of discipline

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal of love as a technique of discipline can make children anxious, insecure, and seeking constant approval. This can lead to self-esteem issues and a lack of confidence. Children also may become more focused on their own feelings and desires and less empathetic towards others. Therefore, using withdrawal of love as a discipline technique can be detrimental to the emotional development of children.

Question 9

When Sidney misbehaves, his mother takes away his phone privileges or takes away his video game system.Sidney's mother is using the _____ discipline method.

Accepted Answer

Sidney's mother is using power assertion, which involves using authority to enforce rules and discipline, such as taking away privileges.

Question 10

Gary's parents tend to discipline Gary by reasoning with him.They also make a point of praising Gary when he exhibits responsible behaviors.Gary's parents are using the _____ discipline approach.

Accepted Answer

Management techniques involve using logical consequences, reasoning, and positive reinforcement to encourage responsible behavior. This aligns with Gary's parent's approach of reasoning with him and praising him when he exhibits responsible behavior. Power assertion and withdrawal of love are more punitive and negative approaches, while being overly permissive involves little to no discipline.

Question 11

After reviewing many studies, psychologist Elizabeth Gershoff concluded that parents

Accepted Answer

Psychologist Elizabeth Gershoff concluded that parents should minimize spanking or avoid it entirely after reviewing many studies.

Question 12

Regarding the discipline approaches, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The use of withdrawal of affection as punishment for misbehavior is a controversial approach and is not recommended by most experts in child psychology. Studies have shown that positive reinforcement and redirection are more effective disciplinary techniques than punishment, which can have negative effects on a child's emotional well-being and behavior.

Question 13

Andy's teachers describe Andy as cold, somewhat defiant, and rigid.One teacher even overheard Andy say that he hates his parents.According to the research on child discipline techniques, Andy's parents most likely used the _____ discipline approach.

Accepted Answer

Andy's behavior suggests that he may be experiencing resentment and anger towards his parents. This could be a result of a power assertion approach to discipline, where the parents use their authority and physical force to control Andy's behavior. This approach often creates feelings of hostility and defiance in the child, leading to the type of behavior described by Andy's teachers.

Question 14

When Bobby misbehaves in a store, his father looks angrily at him, does not speak to him, and walks away, ignoring Bobby's pleas for forgiveness.Bobby's father is exhibiting which approach to controlling Bobby's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal of love involves ignoring or showing disapproval to control behavior, which is what Bobby's father is doing by not speaking and walking away.

Question 15

Regarding self-esteem, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that children who are disciplined with power assertion (physical punishment, yelling, etc.) discipline style have lower self-esteem and are more likely to experience anxiety and depression. This type of discipline can damage children's sense of self-worth and their ability to form healthy relationships with others. Therefore, the statement that children who are disciplined with power assertion discipline style are more likely to show high self-esteem is false.

Question 16

Which discipline technique is associated with the highest levels of self-esteem in children?

Accepted Answer

Management techniques, such as positive reinforcement and problem-solving, have been found to be the most effective in promoting high self-esteem in children. Permissiveness may lead to low self-esteem due to lack of boundaries and guidance, power assertion and withdrawal of love may lead to fear and low self-esteem.

Question 17

Whenever Marcia misbehaves, her parents always explain why this behavior is harmful and undesirable.They also praise Marcia when she exhibits mature, responsible behavior, such as helping others.Marcia's parents are using the _____ discipline approach.

Accepted Answer

Marcia's parents are using management techniques by explaining the consequences of misbehavior and praising good behavior. They are not using power assertion or withdrawal of love, which are punishments. They are also not overly permissive, as they still enforce rules and guide Marcia's behavior.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of discipline discussed in the text?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 19

The confidence that comes from regarding oneself as a worthwhile person is called

Accepted Answer

The confidence that comes from regarding oneself as a worthwhile person is known as self-esteem. Narcissism is excessive self-love or admiration, while egocentrism is an exaggerated sense of one's importance. Self-awareness is the understanding of one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Question 20

When Sammy misbehaves, his father refuses to speak to him.The silent treatment would be classified as part of the _____ discipline method.

Accepted Answer

The withdrawal of love is a form of discipline that involves ignoring or giving the silent treatment to a child as a consequence for misbehavior. This is known as a passive discipline method that relies on non-action or non-response from the parent. Power assertion, on the other hand, involves the use of physical or verbal punishment to control behavior, while management techniques and passive enforcement involve setting rules, routines, and consequences for behavior, but without using punishment or withdrawal of love.

Quiz 3: Extension C: Human Development