Question 1

CT scans and MRI scans are considered ______ imaging techniques, while PET scans and EEGs are considered ______ imaging techniques.
A)structural; functional
B)functional; structural
C)subcortical; hemispheric
D)hemispheric; subcortical

Accepted Answer

CT and MRI scans provide structural images, showing the physical structure of the brain. PET scans and EEGs provide functional images, showing brain activity and function.

Question 2

Which of the following techniques allow scientists to observe the activity of parts of the brain without doing any damage at all?
A)EEG
B)fMRI
C)PET scan
D)all of these

Accepted Answer

All three techniques (EEG, fMRI, and PET scan) allow scientists to observe the activity of parts of the brain without doing any damage. EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain through sensors placed on the scalp, fMRI measures changes in blood flow to different areas of the brain, and PET scans use radioactive tracers to track the usage of glucose and oxygen by different parts of the brain.

Question 3

When a researcher tries to identify which structures in the brain control specific psychological or behavioral functions, such as recognizing faces or moving the hands, the basic research strategy is to
A)localize function.
B)use constraint-induced analysis.
C)use extrapolated functional analysis.
D)analyze neuroplasticity.

Accepted Answer

Localizing function is the standard strategy used by neuroscientists to identify which areas of the brain are responsible for specific psychological or behavioral functions. This involves using various techniques such as lesion studies, brain imaging, and stimulation to identify the specific brain structures involved in a particular function. Constraint-induced analysis, extrapolated functional analysis, and neuroplasticity are all related to brain function but are not the primary research strategy used to identify specific brain structures.

Question 4

A specialized type of X-ray was used to show the area where a tumor was located within a patient's brain.This type of X-ray is known as a(n)
A)computed tomographic scanning.
B)electroencephalography.
C)positron emission tomography.
D)functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Accepted Answer

Computed tomographic scanning (CT or CAT scanning) uses X-rays to create detailed images of internal body structures. It is often used to identify areas of abnormal tissue, such as tumors, and can provide information about location, size, and shape. Electroencephalography (EEG) measures electrical activity in the brain and is used to diagnose conditions such as epilepsy. Positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are imaging techniques that show brain functions and activity, but do not necessarily pinpoint tumor locations.

Question 5

_____ can be used to map brain structures in living brains.
A)CT scans and MRI scans
B)PET scans and EEGs
C)EEGs and ESBs
D)All of these

Accepted Answer

CT scans and MRI scans are commonly used to create detailed images of brain structures in living brains. PET scans and EEGs can provide information about brain function, but do not typically provide detailed images of brain structures. ESBs (electrical stimulation of the brain) are a research tool used to study brain function, but are not commonly used for mapping brain structures.

Question 6

The technique that uses a magnetic field to develop an image of the brain is called the
A)clinical scan.
B)ablation technique.
C)MRI scan.
D)EEG.

Accepted Answer

The technique that uses a magnetic field to develop an image of the brain is called the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan. Option A is too general, and option B refers to a different type of technique that involves destroying brain tissue. Option D refers to a technique that measures electrical activity in the brain, rather than imaging it.

Question 7

If damage to a particular part of the brain consistently leads to a particular loss of function, then we say that the function is _____ in that structure.
A)localized
B)generalized
C)common
D)deintegrated

Accepted Answer

When damage to a specific part of the brain consistently leads to a particular loss of function, it indicates that the function is localized in that structure. This means that the specific area is responsible for that particular function and damage to it results in the loss of that particular function.

Question 8

An advantage of having neural reflexes is that it
A)allows our brain to deal with more important decision-making.
B)takes place only in the peripheral nervous system.
C)occurs regularly, even though its response time is slow.
D)reduces complex stimuli into an all-or-none type of event.

Accepted Answer

Neural reflexes allow for automatic and rapid responses to a stimulus, freeing up the brain to focus on more important decision-making.

Question 9

The simplest behavior sequence, organized in the spinal cord, is the
A)reflex arc.
B)autonomic reflex.
C)somatic reflex.
D)central synapse.

Accepted Answer

The reflex arc is a basic neural pathway that involves sensory input being processed in the spinal cord and motor output being sent to the appropriate muscles. This is the simplest behavior sequence and is organized in the spinal cord. Options B, C, and D are not as relevant to the question.

Question 10

A nerve cell carrying information from your eyes, ears, fingers, etc.toward the CNS is called a(n)
A)motor neuron.
B)effector cell.
C)connector neuron.
D)sensory neuron.

Accepted Answer

A sensory neuron carries information from sensory receptors in the eyes, ears, fingers, etc. towards the Central Nervous System (CNS). The other options (A, B, and C) do not accurately describe this type of neuron.

Question 11

Muscles can contract because they are made up of
A)motor neurons.
B)effector cells.
C)connector neurons.
D)sensory neurons.

Accepted Answer

Muscles are made up of effector cells, also known as muscle fibers. These fibers contain proteins that allow them to contract when stimulated by nerves. Motor neurons are the nerves that stimulate the muscles to contract, but they are not part of the muscle tissue itself. Connector neurons transmit signals between neurons, while sensory neurons receive signals from sensory organs and transmit them to the central nervous system.

Question 12

In a(n) ______, X-rays taken from a number of different angles are collected by a computer and formed into an image of the brain to reveal the effects of strokes, injuries, tumors, and other brain disorders.
A)CT scan.
B)EEG scan.
C)PET scan.
D)Functional MRI.

Accepted Answer

A CT scan, or computed tomography scan, is the imaging technique described in the question. It uses X-rays taken from multiple angles to create a detailed image of the brain. EEG scans measure brain waves, while PET scans and functional MRI measure brain function in different ways.

Question 13

A nerve cell carrying information from your brain to muscles and glands is called a(n)
A)motor neuron.
B)effector cell.
C)connector neuron.
D)sensory neuron.

Accepted Answer

A motor neuron carries information from the brain to muscles and glands, causing them to contract or secrete substances. Effector cells are the muscles or glands themselves that respond to the signals from the motor neuron. Connector neurons do not exist, and sensory neurons carry information from sensory receptors to the brain.

Question 14

A barefoot child steps on a bee, then jerks his or her foot back in response to the sting.This response has likely involved all parts of the nervous system EXCEPT
A)the brain.
B)the spinal cord.
C)motor neurons.
D)connector neurons.

Accepted Answer

The response to stepping on a bee and jerking the foot back is a reflex action, primarily involving the spinal cord, motor neurons, and connector neurons, bypassing the brain for immediate reaction.

Question 15

The usual flow of information in a reflex arc is
A)cranial nerve, connector neuron, spinal nerve
B)sensory neuron, connector neuron, motor neuron
C)effector cell, interneuron, connector neuron
D)sensory neuron, connector neuron, reflex neuron

Accepted Answer

The flow of information in a reflex arc involves the sensory neuron detecting a stimulus and sending the information to the connector neuron, which then relays the message to the motor neuron. The motor neuron then activates the effector cell, leading to a reflexive response. This flow of information is depicted in option B, where the sensory neuron comes first, followed by the connector neuron and then the motor neuron.

Question 16

Jessie is a psychologist who specializes in how a person's biological processes, brain, and nervous system are related to behavior.Jessie would be referred to as a
A)neurogenic psychologist.
B)biopsychologist.
C)physiological behaviorist.
D)cranial behaviorist.

Accepted Answer

Jessie's specialization in the interplay between biological processes, the brain, and the nervous system make her a biopsychologist, which encompasses the study of how biology shapes behavior.

Question 17

_____ is the study of how biological processes, the brain, and the nervous system are related to behavior.
A)Neuro-induction
B)Biopsychology
C)Physiological behaviorism
D)Ablation

Accepted Answer

Biopsychology, also known as behavioral neuroscience, is the study of the relationship between biology and behavior, specifically focusing on the nervous system and brain function. It looks at how physiological processes influence behavior and cognition. Neuro-induction is not a term commonly used in psychology, physiological behaviorism is a theoretical approach to understanding behavior that focuses on observable behavior rather than mental processes, and ablation is a surgical technique that involves removing part of the brain or other tissue for medical purposes.

Question 18

During practice, a football player experiences symptoms commonly associated with having a stroke.The coaches rush him to the hospital for a(n) ______ so that the doctors can view the structure of this player's brain.
A)ESB.
B)CT scan.
C)clinical study.
D)ablation.

Accepted Answer

A CT scan (computed tomography scan) uses X-rays to create a detailed image of the brain's structure. This would be the best option to view the player's brain and determine if there are any issues causing stroke-like symptoms. ESB (electroconvulsive therapy) and ablation (removal or destruction of tissue) are not relevant in this situation, and a clinical study would not provide the urgent imaging needed in this emergency situation.

Question 19

The reflex arc occurs when a stimulus provokes a(n)
A)automatic response within the spinal cord without brain involvement.
B)automatic response from the brain.
C)somatic response from the brain.
D)automatic response from a cranial nerve.

Accepted Answer

The reflex arc is a neural pathway that involves a sensory receptor, an interneuron in the spinal cord, and a motor neuron that leads to a muscle or gland. The beauty of the reflex arc is that it can produce a rapid and automatic response to a stimulus without involving the brain.

Question 20

The behavior sequence resulting from the actions of a sensory neuron, a connector neuron, and an effector cell is a(n)
A)autonomic chain.
B)cranial arc.
C)effector reflex.
D)reflex arc.

Accepted Answer

A sensory neuron sends signals to a connector neuron which in turn signals the effector cell to produce a response. This sequence is called a reflex arc. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Options A, B, and C are not correct as they do not accurately describe the sequence of events for this type of neural response.

Quiz 2: Extension A: Brain and Behavior

CT scans and MRI scans are considered imaging techniques, while PET scans and EEGs are considered imaging techniques.

Which of the following techniques allow scientists to observe the activity of parts of the brain without doing any damage at all?

When a researcher tries to identify which structures in the brain control specific psychological or behavioral functions, such as recognizing faces or moving the hands, the basic research strategy is to

A specialized type of X-ray was used to show the area where a tumor was located within a patient's brain.This type of X-ray is known as a(n)

_____ can be used to map brain structures in living brains.

The technique that uses a magnetic field to develop an image of the brain is called the

If damage to a particular part of the brain consistently leads to a particular loss of function, then we say that the function is _____ in that structure.

An advantage of having neural reflexes is that it

The simplest behavior sequence, organized in the spinal cord, is the

A nerve cell carrying information from your eyes, ears, fingers, etc.toward the CNS is called a(n)

Muscles can contract because they are made up of

In a(n) ______, X-rays taken from a number of different angles are collected by a computer and formed into an image of the brain to reveal the effects of strokes, injuries, tumors, and other brain disorders.

A nerve cell carrying information from your brain to muscles and glands is called a(n)

A barefoot child steps on a bee, then jerks his or her foot back in response to the sting.This response has likely involved all parts of the nervous system EXCEPT

The usual flow of information in a reflex arc is

Jessie is a psychologist who specializes in how a person's biological processes, brain, and nervous system are related to behavior.Jessie would be referred to as a

_____ is the study of how biological processes, the brain, and the nervous system are related to behavior.

During practice, a football player experiences symptoms commonly associated with having a stroke.The coaches rush him to the hospital for a(n) ______ so that the doctors can view the structure of this player's brain.

The reflex arc occurs when a stimulus provokes a(n)

The behavior sequence resulting from the actions of a sensory neuron, a connector neuron, and an effector cell is a(n)