Question 1

Under which condition would you be LEAST likely to help another person?

Accepted Answer

If you are glad the other person is the one in need, you may be experiencing schadenfreude, which is deriving pleasure from other people's misfortune. This makes it unlikely that you would help the person in need.

Question 2

If you are feeling _____, you are more likely to give aid to another person.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people who are in a positive or happy mood are more likely to help others. This could be due to a number of factors, such as having more energy or feeling more connected to others. On the other hand, people in distress may be too overwhelmed to help others, while people experiencing fear may be too focused on their own safety to assist someone else. Encouragement may also lead to helping behaviors, but it is not as strongly supported by research as happiness.

Question 3

The _____ of responsibility involves the spreading of responsibility to act among several people, which reduces the likelihood that help will be given to a person in need.

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to take responsibility or take action in emergency situations because they assume that someone else will take responsibility. As a result, this can reduce the likelihood of someone receiving help when multiple people are present.

Question 4

Many studies suggest that when we see a person in trouble,

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that when we see someone in distress, it is likely to cause heightened arousal, and potential helpers may feel empathic arousal. However, the decision to offer aid is determined by weighing the rewards of helping versus the costs, such as the effort, time, and potential danger involved. Therefore, all of the choices listed tend to occur.

Question 5

In the naturalistic experiment in which a "victim" (actor) "passed out" in a subway car,

Accepted Answer

The experiment showed that most people were willing to help, with slightly more assistance given when the "victim" had a cane compared to when he had a liquor bottle.

Question 6

Which of the following is likely to encourage helping behavior?

Accepted Answer

Empathic arousal refers to feeling empathy and emotional distress when witnessing another person's suffering or need. This emotional response can lead to helping behavior as individuals may feel compelled to alleviate the other person's distress.

Question 7

Regarding bystander intervention, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The statement that "the higher the cost of helping, the more likely it is that a person will help" is false. In reality, the higher the cost of helping (such as risking personal harm or sacrifice), the less likely it is that a person will help. This concept is known as the bystander effect or diffusion of responsibility.

Question 8

All of the following are likely to encourage helping behavior EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A negative self-concept can actually discourage helping behavior, as it may cause individuals to withdraw and focus on their own needs rather than helping others. The other options listed are all known to encourage helping behavior.

Question 9

In an experiment in which students took part in a discussion over an intercom, one "student" pretended to have an epileptic seizure.When a six-person group heard the seizure, over 1/3 of the group took no action due to

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals feel less of a sense of personal responsibility to intervene in an emergency situation when there are other people present who could also intervene. In this scenario, over 1/3 of the group may have felt that someone else would take action or felt less personally responsible to intervene because there were others present in the group.

Question 10

In general, helping behavior in emergency situations is discouraged by

Accepted Answer

All of these factors (presence of a large number of persons, high costs associated with helping, and greater social distance between the helper and the victim) have been found to discourage helping behavior in emergency situations. The presence of a large number of people can lead to diffusion of responsibility, where individuals feel less accountable for taking action. High costs associated with helping may include physical risks, financial expenses, or potential legal consequences. Greater social distance between the helper and the victim can reduce empathy and feelings of connectedness, making it easier to justify not helping.

Question 11

In an experiment in which students took part in a discussion over an intercom, one "student" pretended to have an epileptic seizure.Regarding the degree of bystander intervention shown in this experiment,

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an experiment in which students took...

Question 12

According to your textbook, the most crucial step in helping is

Accepted Answer

Assuming responsibility is the most crucial step in helping because it involves acknowledging that one has a role to play in a situation and is capable of making a difference. Without assuming responsibility, individuals are unlikely to take any action to help others. Developing empathic arousal and having knowledge of first-aid procedures are also important, but assuming responsibility is the first step that must be taken. Recognition of just-world beliefs about helping is not necessarily crucial to helping others.

Question 13

In general, helping behavior in emergency situations is discouraged by

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general, helping behavior in emergency situations...

Question 14

If you are feeling _____, you are more likely to increase your helping behavior or to intervene during an emergency.

Accepted Answer

Empathy involves the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. When we feel empathy for someone, we are more likely to be motivated to help them in some way. This is particularly true during an emergency or crisis situation, where our natural instincts to help others may be heightened.

Question 15

A person is more likely to help another person in an emergency when

Accepted Answer

All of these factors can increase the likelihood that a person will help someone in an emergency. When the potential rewards of helping (such as praise, gratitude, or a sense of moral righteousness) outweigh the potential costs (such as physical harm, social ostracism, or legal trouble), people are more likely to intervene. Empathic arousal, or feeling the emotions of the person in distress, can also increase helpfulness. Finally, heightened arousal (such as from witnessing a shocking event) can increase the chances that someone will step in and offer aid.

Question 16

A(n) _____ refers to the observation that we are most likely to help someone else when we are able to "feel that person's pain."

Accepted Answer

The given observation is known as the empathy-helping relationship. It suggests that individuals are more likely to offer help to someone else if they can relate to and understand their emotions and feelings. This empathic connection creates a sense of care and concern for the other person's wellbeing, making it more likely for us to offer assistance. A sense of mutual interdependence refers to a condition where individuals must rely on each other to achieve their goals. Superordinate goals refer to a shared objective that requires cooperation and collaboration to achieve. The just-world belief refers to the idea that individuals get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

Question 17

The empathy-helping relationship is a concept that refers to

Accepted Answer

The empathy-helping relationship concept suggests that the more we empathize or "feel for" a person, the more likely we are to help them. This applies to various scenarios such as helping a person in distress, volunteering for a cause, or donating to a charity. Counseling and therapy are related but more specific concepts that deal with professional help for individuals to overcome personal or psychological issues. The last option, D, is incorrect as research shows that identifying with a group can increase empathy and thus increase the likelihood of helping members of that group.

Question 18

When in a large group of people, an individual's tendency to assume responsibility may be hampered because being in a group causes

Accepted Answer

The diffusion of responsibility refers to the phenomenon where individuals in a group tend to feel less personally responsible for taking action or intervening in a situation, assuming that others will take care of it. This can lead to a decrease in an individual's tendency to assume responsibility in a large group. A and B are not directly related to a diffusion of responsibility, and D suggests a different cognitive mechanism.

Question 19

Regarding empathic arousal, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Empathic arousal is more likely to lead to helping behavior when costs are low, not high.

Question 20

In an experiment in which a "student" simulated a seizure, helping was inhibited by

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals in a group feel less responsible for taking action and believe that someone else will do it. In this case, when the student simulated a seizure in a group setting, the responsibility to help was diffused among the members of the group, making it less likely for someone to take action to help the student.

Quiz 17: Extension A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Under which condition would you be LEAST likely to help another person?

If you are feeling _____, you are more likely to give aid to another person.

The _____ of responsibility involves the spreading of responsibility to act among several people, which reduces the likelihood that help will be given to a person in need.

Many studies suggest that when we see a person in trouble,

In the naturalistic experiment in which a "victim" (actor) "passed out" in a subway car,

Which of the following is likely to encourage helping behavior?

Regarding bystander intervention, which of the following statements is FALSE?

All of the following are likely to encourage helping behavior EXCEPT

In an experiment in which students took part in a discussion over an intercom, one "student" pretended to have an epileptic seizure.When a six-person group heard the seizure, over 1/3 of the group took no action due to

In general, helping behavior in emergency situations is discouraged by

In an experiment in which students took part in a discussion over an intercom, one "student" pretended to have an epileptic seizure.Regarding the degree of bystander intervention shown in this experiment,

According to your textbook, the most crucial step in helping is

In general, helping behavior in emergency situations is discouraged by

If you are feeling _____, you are more likely to increase your helping behavior or to intervene during an emergency.

A person is more likely to help another person in an emergency when

A(n) _____ refers to the observation that we are most likely to help someone else when we are able to "feel that person's pain."

The empathy-helping relationship is a concept that refers to

When in a large group of people, an individual's tendency to assume responsibility may be hampered because being in a group causes

Regarding empathic arousal, which of the following statements is FALSE?

In an experiment in which a "student" simulated a seizure, helping was inhibited by