A Producer Might Own the Intermediary at the Next Level

A producer might own the intermediary at the next level down in a channel. This practice, called forward integration, is exemplified by Ralph Lauren, which manufactures clothing and also owns apparel shops. This is an example of

A) a corporate vertical marketing system.
B) an integrated marketing system.
C) a contractual vertical marketing system.
D) a corporate horizontal marketing system.
E) a contractual horizontal marketing system.