Question 1

When employees perceive inequity from being under-rewarded,they are demotivated.

Accepted Answer

When employees perceive that they are not being rewarded fairly compared to their colleagues or industry standards, they may feel demotivated, undervalued or even resentful. This can lead to a decrease in job satisfaction, commitment, and performance. Thus, it is important for organizations to ensure that their reward systems are transparent, consistent, and aligned with the job requirements, individual contributions, and market conditions.

Question 2

Avoidance reinforcement is the least effective method in motivating employees.

Accepted Answer

Punishment is the least effective way of motivating employees.

Question 3

Ratios are generally better motivators than intervals.

Accepted Answer

Ratios provide a clear understanding of progress and improvement, making them more motivating than intervals which may not provide a sense of accomplishment.

Question 4

The group of motivation theories are complementary; each group of theories refers to a different stage in the motivation process or answers a different question.

Accepted Answer

The different groups of motivation theories, such as content theories and process theories, provide different perspectives on motivation and are designed to address different aspects of the motivation process or answer different questions. Together, they offer a broader understanding of why and how people are motivated.

Question 5

"You're a good worker" is an effective statement for giving praise.

Accepted Answer

General statements like this are not as effective.

Question 6

Expectancy theory proposes that people are motivated when they believe they can accomplish the task,they will get the reward,and the rewards for doing the task are worth the effort.

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory does propose that people are motivated when they believe they can accomplish the task, they will get the reward, and the rewards for doing the task are worth the effort.

Question 7

Giving employees a paycheck every week is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a fixed interval scedule.

Question 8

To motivate employees with a high n Ach,a manager should assign them routine tasks with vague goals and objectives to encourage them to put out more effort.

Accepted Answer

To motive employees with a high n Ach, leaders should assign them nonroutine, challenging tasks with clear, attainable objectives.

Question 9

When goal setting,the best strategy is to rely on willpower to achieve the goal.

Accepted Answer

Relying on willpower is a horrible strategy.

Question 10

Reinforcement theory uses behavior modification and operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement theory is based on the principles of behavior modification and operant conditioning, which aim to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated by using positive reinforcement.

Question 11

The University of Iowa studies led to an era of ____ research.
A)behavioral
B)trait
C)personality
D)participation

Accepted Answer

The University of Iowa conducted studies in the field of behavioral psychology, which focused on observable behaviors and their relation to environmental stimuli. The results of these studies led to the development of behaviorism, a major school of thought in psychology that emphasized the role of learning and reinforcement in shaping behavior. Therefore, the correct choice is A) behavioral.

Question 12

The three process motivation theories are equity theory,hierarchy of needs theory,and expectancy theory.

Accepted Answer

These are not the three process motivation theories.

Question 13

"To increase sales by 50 percent and decrease turnover by 25 percent in 2011" is an effective objective.

Accepted Answer

To avoid confusion, each objective should contain only one end result.

Question 14

Goal-setting theory proposes that individuals perform better with easy objectives rather than challenging objectives.

Accepted Answer

Goal-setting theory proposes that specific, difficult goals motivate people.

Question 15

According to the University of Iowa studies on leadership styles,a democratic leader:
A)closely supervises workers.
B)makes the decisions.
C)tells employees what to do.
D)works with employees to determine what to do.

Accepted Answer

A democratic leader works with employees to determine what to do, involving them in the decision-making process and encouraging their input and ideas. This leadership style fosters collaboration, empowerment, and a sense of ownership among employees, ultimately leading to higher job satisfaction and productivity.

Question 16

An example of avoidance reinforcement is a manager or team leader ignoring an employee who arrives late for a meeting.

Accepted Answer

With avoidance reinforcement, there is no actual punishment, only the 'threat' of punishment.

Question 17

Instrumentality refers to belief that the performance will result in getting the reward.

Accepted Answer

Instrumentality is the belief that there is a relationship between performance and the attainment of a particular outcome or reward. It is the expectation that by performing at a certain level, the desired outcome or reward will be achieved. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 18

With a continuous schedule of reinforcement,each and every desired behavior is reinforced.

Accepted Answer

With a continuous schedule of reinforcement, every occurrence of the desired behavior is reinforced, resulting in a higher likelihood of the behavior being repeated in the future.

Question 19

Reinforcement theory proposes that through the consequences for behavior,people will be motivated to behave in predetermined ways.

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement theory suggests that individuals will be motivated to repeat behavior that has positive consequences, while behavior that has negative consequences is less likely to be repeated. Therefore, the theory proposes that behavior can be shaped through rewards or punishments.

Question 20

When employees believe that inequity exists from being over-rewarded,they tend to work harder.

Accepted Answer

People who believe they are over-rewarded usually don't change their behavior.

Quiz 3: Leadership Behavior and Motivation