Question 1

An initiating structure with the UM studies and consideration within the OSU studies are equivalent terms.

Accepted Answer

Initiating structure refers to a leadership behavior that focuses on creating structure, setting goals, and defining tasks, while UM studies refer to research on the University of Michigan leadership model. Consideration, on the other hand, refers to a leadership behavior that focuses on building relationships, establishing trust, and showing concern for followers' needs, while OSU studies refer to research on the Ohio State University leadership model. Although both models are commonly studied in leadership research, they focus on different leadership behaviors and are not equivalent terms.

Question 2

Generally speaking,we can say that leaders are individuals who influence other individuals to do what they might not do in the absence of the leader's influence.

Accepted Answer

This is a basic definition of leadership, stating that a leader influences others to do things they may not do on their own.

Question 3

As a supervisor,Chris focuses on the people doing the work and believes in delegating decision making and aiding followers in satisfying their needs by creating a supportive work environment.These behaviors mirror those of an employee-centered leader.

Accepted Answer

Chris's focus on the people doing the work, delegating decision making, and creating a supportive work environment are characteristic of an employee-centered leader.

Question 4

After thousands of studies,the experts have come to a consensus on exactly what leadership is and how it should be applied.

Accepted Answer

Despite numerous studies on leadership, there is ongoing debate and no clear consensus on a universal definition or application of leadership.

Question 5

Leadership traits don't operate singly to influence followers,but act in combination.

Accepted Answer

Leadership traits do not operate independently of each other, but rather work together in a cohesive manner to influence followers and achieve goals. This concept is known as trait theory, which emphasizes the importance of a leader's personality, behavior, and abilities in determining their effectiveness.

Question 6

To a significant extent,the personnel testing component of scientific management supported the trait theory of leadership.

Accepted Answer

The trait theory of leadership emphasizes the innate characteristics and qualities possessed by successful leaders, such as intelligence, determination, and assertiveness. Similarly, personnel testing as a component of scientific management sought to identify workers with innate abilities and traits that would make them better suited for specific positions or tasks. Therefore, the personnel testing component of scientific management supported the trait theory of leadership to a significant extent.

Question 7

Within Fiedler's contingency model of leadership,spending more-or less-informal time (lunch,leisure activities,etc.)with your subordinates would be a way to change the situation and not seen as changing leader style.

Accepted Answer

According to Fiedler's contingency model, leader style is a relatively stable trait and cannot be easily changed. However, the situation can be changed to align with the leader's style. Spending more or less informal time with subordinates would be considered changing the situation, not the leader style.

Question 8

For her senior project Erin is analyzing what leaders do in relation to accomplishing the task and to maintaining the effort of people doing the task.This research resembles the perspective of the behavioral approach to leadership.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral approach to leadership focuses on what leaders do in terms of task accomplishment and maintaining the effort of their team members. Erin's research aligns with this perspective, making the statement true.

Question 9

Pat has a weak need for affiliation.This most likely will preclude her from using and perfecting interpersonal skills.

Accepted Answer

A weak need for affiliation may make Pat less motivated to connect with others, but it does not necessarily mean she cannot use or perfect interpersonal skills. It may simply mean that she does not prioritize social interactions as much as other needs, such as achievement or independence. Additionally, individuals can choose to develop and improve their interpersonal skills regardless of their innate tendencies or preferences.

Question 10

One advantage of the trait perspective of leadership is that a comprehensive list of potentially important traits has been developed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One advantage of the trait perspective of...

Question 11

According to Fiedler's contingency model of leadership,relationship-oriented leaders will respond to training to make them more task-oriented while task-oriented leaders typically cannot be trained.

Accepted Answer

According to Fiedler's contingency model of leadership, neither relationship-oriented nor task-oriented leaders can be trained to switch to the other style. The model emphasizes that the effectiveness of a leader depends on their fit with the situation, and suggests matching the leader's style to the situation to maximize outcomes.

Question 12

The job-centered leader focuses on creating jobs which promote autonomy and self-direction.

Accepted Answer

A job-centered leader primarily focuses on the tasks and work processes, emphasizing efficiency and the roles needed to meet goals, rather than creating jobs that promote autonomy and self-direction, which is more characteristic of an employee-centered leadership approach.

Question 13

Fiedler recommends that organizations should concentrate on changing situations to fit their leaders,rather than changing (training)leaders to fit their situations.

Accepted Answer

Fiedler's contingency theory suggests that different leadership styles are effective in different situations, and that it's more effective to match a leader's style to the situation rather than trying to train them to adapt to different situations.

Question 14

Fiedler's contingency model of leadership proposes that management should change their leader style to fit the situation.

Accepted Answer

Fiedler's contingency model suggests that the effectiveness of a leader is contingent on the match between the leader's style (task-oriented or relationship-oriented) and the degree of control and influence in the situation, but it does not advocate changing the leader's style to fit the situation. Instead, it suggests changing the situation or the leader.

Question 15

Unlike the perspective of the OSU study,the leadership studies at UM suggested that leaders could simultaneously be "high" in both concern for task and concern for people (job-centered and employee-centered).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike the perspective of the OSU study,the...

Question 16

While trait theory considers personality traits it generally does not consider abilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While trait theory considers personality traits it...

Question 17

Jan believes that the one's ability to be an effective leader is largely derived from their alertness,energy level and self-confidence.This approach most closely follows the trait theory approach to leadership.

Accepted Answer

The trait theory approach to leadership focuses on identifying and measuring specific traits or characteristics that differentiate effective leaders from non-leaders. Jan's belief that alertness, energy level, and self-confidence are important traits for effective leadership closely aligns with this approach.

Question 18

To a significant extent,behavioral approaches to leadership grew from the personnel testing component of scientific management.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral approaches to leadership evolved mainly from the human relations movement and organizational psychology, focusing on the behaviors and interactions of leaders rather than the scientific management emphasis on efficiency and task optimization.

Question 19

The foundation of LMX is the expectancy motivation theory.

Accepted Answer

The foundation of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory is not the expectancy motivation theory, but rather the concept that leaders develop different types of relationships with their subordinates, ranging from high-quality to low-quality exchanges.

Question 20

By definition,all members of management,even if they do not influence their behavior of others are considered "leaders" as presented in the text.

Accepted Answer

Leadership involves influencing others' behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs towards achieving a goal, so merely holding a management position without influencing others does not automatically make someone a leader.

Quiz 11: Leadership: Fundamentals